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What is a pectin?

What is a pectin? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (biochemistry) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).
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As the fruit ripens, enzymes convert this into pectin, the quantity of which reaches its maximum just before the fruit is fully ripe.
Apples are also rich in the soluble fibre pectin, which helps to lower blood cholesterol.
Some fruit, such as strawberries, brambles and cherries, have low pectin levels and so extra must be added to ensure a good set.
The tomato fruit cell wall is composed of protein and three major polysaccharide components, pectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose.
Jelly, jam and preserves are all made from fruit mixed with sugar and pectin.
Imagine you are making jam and have gotten to the point where you pour the steaming liquor of fruit, sugar, and pectin into the jars.

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