| They spray boron and energetic nitrogen atoms onto a clean, heated tungsten surface, held at 250 to 500 volts, in an ultrahigh vacuum. |
| Electrons from the n-type half are drawn to the p-type half because of the way that phosphorus and boron bond with silicon. |
| They include magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur, molybdenum, boron, zinc, copper and manganese. |
| Additions of boron, which precipitates these elements as borides, are used to remove them in conductor material. |
| Each layer is doped with tiny amounts of different impurities, usually phosphorus and boron. |
| The mineral elements most likely to be deficient in vineyards are nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, boron, iron, manganese, and magnesium. |
