| The trichotomy also prevents development of any vicariance hypotheses among the three provinces. |
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| And third, differentiation may have evolved in allopatry as a contiguous ancestral population became fragmented by vicariance. |
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| The biogeographic patterns of vicariance and range expansion may also provide insight to the mechanics of this extinction event. |
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| Within historical biogeography, two views the dispersalist and vicariance hypotheses of biotic distribution patterns have been at odds. |
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| The barriers that currently separate the species, combined with the essentially nonmigratory behavior of curassows, hint strongly at a primary role for vicariance. |
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| Cryptic vicariance in the historical assembly of a Baja California Peninsular desert biota. |
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| Has vicariance or dispersal been the predominant biogeographical force in Madagascar? |
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| In spite of the polarization of these views among biogeographers, patterns of distribution can be explained by a combination of dispersalist and vicariance biogeography. |
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| Many biogeographers believe that the vicariance process forms the underlying mechanism of distributional diversity, with the dispersalist mode operating more sporadically. |
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| For palaeontologists, there could be a tendency to view life in terms of vicariance, particularly driven by the ancient distribution of continents and plate-tectonic shifts. |
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| Dispersal and vicariance are sometimes seen to be at odds. |
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| Evolution of rattlesnakes in the warm deserts of western North America shaped by Neogene vicariance and Quaternary climate change. |
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| Meanwhile, another serious inherent problem is that DIVA is not able to infer any event in the basalmost node other than vicariance. |
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| Vicariance occurs when a population would be separated following a large-scale geophysical event. |
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