| Even though photons are massless, they still have an equivalent mass because they have energy. |
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| In 1931, he predicted the existence of the massless neutrino to explain away mathematical problems with beta decay. |
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| According to Newtonian gravity, light is not affected by gravity, as light is massless. |
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| In addition, the theory requires that the W and Z particles, like the photon, should be massless. |
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| The physical scalar fields that oscillate as normal modes about the potential minimum are the massless angular mode and the massive radial mode. |
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| The neutrino was known from the start to be an extraordinarily light particle, perhaps massless, since its rest mass could never be detected. |
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| This differs subtly from our current view of the nature of light particles which, while still affected by gravity, are in fact massless. |
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| Hawking radiation, involving massless virtual particles and particle-antiparticle pairs, for example, may explain mass and radiation leakage from blackholes. |
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| A mathematical string can vibrate in many patterns, which represent a different type of particle, and among these are certain patterns that represent massless particles. |
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| This longitudinal electromagnetic energy flux is massless as it is due to distortion, not dilatation, of the spacetime continuum. |
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| Quarks are the building blocks of protons, neutrons, and more-exotic entities, whereas gluons are massless particles that glue together quarks. |
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| But the neutrino, an extremely abundant but almost massless particle, may have the right properties, and may even be its own anti-particle. |
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| These have more momentum and therefore shorter De Broglie wavelengths than massless particles, such as light, with the same kinetic energies. |
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