| Create a model that illustrates various stages of succession from pioneer species to a climax community. |
| It behaves as a pioneer species and is found in degraded scrublands and forests margins. |
| They are a pioneer species – they chased the retreating ice northwards after the last great glaciation and are our oldest species. |
| High severity fire removed all bryophytes and only pioneer species were present 2 years later. |
| Ngar said authorities in the past introduced pioneer species such as acacias and eucalypts that adapted quickly to badly eroded areas on barren land. |
| Alders are pioneer species that occur in areas that are reverting back to forest. |
