| On the obligatoriness of the law of nature compare Hobbes, Leviathan, cap. |
| This content-independence of authoritative reasons entails their presumptive obligatoriness. |
| Rather than adopting this understanding of force, I have instead characterized the notion in terms of simple normativity or obligatoriness. |
| But how does this help us understand what it is that is obligatory — the owner of the obligatoriness, as it were? |
| There is no obligatoriness out there, belonging to the act that we are considering. |
| We can, however, retain the insight that morality requires the performance of individual duties, provided we are clear that their obligatoriness arises from the nature of each duty rather than from some formal principle. |
