| While waiting for obstetric and anesthesia backup, the clinician administered fentanyl, midazolam and cefotetan. |
| As a result, pharmaceutical companies have produced alternative opioids such as oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, and tramadol. |
| Naloxone and flumazenil effectively terminate the effects of fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. |
| Common narcotic medications used are fentanyl citrate, morphine sulfate, and meperidine hydrochloride. |
| Narcotics such as morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone typically cause mild arterial hypercapnia in clinically recommended doses. |
| Other drugs administered included fentanyl, lorazepam, midazolain, propofol, and hydromorphone. |
