The retreat of the Mamluks and Arabs enabled the Portuguese to implement their strategy of controlling the Indian Ocean. |
In the Middle Ages, these included the Abbasids of Baghdad, and the Fatimids, Ayyubids and Mamluks of Egypt. |
It stands opposite the grand mosque of Sultan Hasan as an attempt of the Khedival family to measure up to the achievements of the Mamluks. |
After the Mamluks took Jerusalem in 1244 AD, Louis announced his Crusade. |
They had a difficult relationship with the Mamluks of Egypt because the latter considered them a vassal state. |
He fought the Battle of Shubra Khit against the Mamluks, Egypt's ruling military caste. |