“A proton, found in the nucleus of an atom, is composed of three quarks and is a hadron.”

“The hadron is represented by an external color field and the charmonium is represented by a small color dipole.”

“A crypto-exotic, by contrast, is a hadron that does not have an exotic quantum number, but does not have a meson or baryon body plan either.”

“Gluons are bosons, carriers of the strong force that bind quarks together into hadrons such as protons or neutrons.”

“Beams of hadrons, such as protons, neutrons and ions, offer important advantages over X-ray radiotherapy.”

“However, we find it difficult to describe the way that quarks and gluons bind together to form hadrons.”