“Compounds and derivatives tend to be spelled morphemically, the established grapheme bases are usually retained regardless of the phonemic alterations involved.”
“Some orthographies, such as Spanish, are relatively shallow, maintaining a one to one correspondence between grapheme and phoneme.”
“The grapheme is to the graphic linguistic signifier as the phoneme is to the phonic linguistic signifier.”
graphemics
(linguistics) The study of the graphemes, or writing units, of a script, and of their relation to the phonemes of the spoken language