| One of the most remarkable features of plant cell biology is cytoplasmic streaming: the rapid mixing of cytoplasm observed in large vacuolate cells. |
| Therefore, it is still unclear how the gametophytes, which appear as highly vacuolate, unprotected cells in a single layer, can survive without desiccation or even through it. |
| The vacuolate appearance of the cytoplasm of other cells is taken to reflect resorption by endocytosis and intracellular transport of digested materials. |
| The exotesta stays uniseriate, in which the cells become vacuolate and maintain thin-walled. |
