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What is a surfactant?

What is a surfactant? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) A surface active agent, or wetting agent, capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid; typically organic compounds having a hydrophilic "head" and a hydrophobic "tail".
  2. (biochemistry) A lipoprotein in the tissues of the lung that reduces surface tension and permits more efficient gas transport.
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Recent studies have suggested that certain polymers, such as polyethylene glycol, improve the function of surfactant.
The patient had a history of hyaline membrane disease that was treated initially with three doses of Survanta artificial surfactant and steroids.
Our results suggest that the adsorption of pulmonary surfactant to an air-liquid interface can be considered in terms of two sequential steps.
Surface charge density determines the efficiency of cationic gemini surfactant based lipofection.
The addition of crop oil, surfactant, or fluid fertilizer may improve control of emerged weeds.
These studies address the effect of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins on diffusion within lipid bilayers.

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