| Each flower has a lemma and a palea at its base, and contains two lodicules and one pistil surrounded by three anthers. |
| Grain is sub-globose, oblong or trigonous, closely invested by the glume and its palea. |
| Parts of the palea were removed to allow correct positioning and to avoid destruction of the sensor. |
| The lemma and palea surround and protect the flower, and all three of these structures form the floret. |
| Generally the lemma is larger than the palea, which is hidden between the lemma and the spikelet axis. |
| Up to 14 nematodes, mostly pre-adults, have been found on a single seed, where they remain coiled up inside the palea. |
