| Additional cardiac risk factors specific to chronic kidney disease include volume overload, hyperparathyroidism, and uremia. |
| In persistent cases, other reasons for hypercalciuria such as hyperparathyroidism should be excluded. |
| The high phosphorous content of soft drinks might cause secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to bone loss. |
| The present study does not offer a causal relation between primary hyperparathyroidism and the development of renal stone disease. |
| Water-clear cell hyperplasia is a rare but well-documented cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. |
| However, this patient had no clinical evidence of either hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. |
