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What does half-life mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word half-life? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (physics) The time required for half of the nuclei in a sample of a specific isotope to undergo radioactive decay.
  2. (chemistry) In a chemical reaction, the time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall from a chosen value to half that value.
  3. (medicine) The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacological, physiologic, or radiological activity.
  4. The time it takes for an idea or a fashion to lose half of its influential power.
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Examples
Due to its extremely short half-life, there's no reason for considering the effects of bohrium in the environment.
In addition, the plants would produce 7,313 tonnes of highly radioactive waste with a half-life of 24,000 years.
For the recalcitrants, the hell-on-earth of daisy-cutters, thermobaric bombs and the everlasting half-life of the waste from nuclear detonations.
Prealbumin, also known as transthyretin, has a half-life of only 1 to 2 days.
At age 18, caffeine has a half-life of 4.5 hours, which increases with age.
Decay of the semiquinone radical under argon occurs by second-order kinetics with a first half-life in the 0.1-2 ms range under our conditions.

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