| But an insect, the spruce budworm, has its own dynamic, periodically exploding in population, denuding trees, competing directly with the industry. |
| Spruce budworm and western beetles are wreaking havoc in many of Canada's forests. |
| A suppressive, subtractive hybridization procedure was applied to dissected midguts of the budworm exposed to sub-lethal levels of the toxin. |
| In an ecological sense, spruce budworm epidemics would be very good because they would eliminate the old trees and cause regeneration of forests. |
| We have also had all the losses due to the pine beetle in western Canada and the spruce budworm. |
| In the southeastern boreal forest, large canopy openings caused by spruce budworm outbreaks may lead to a cyclical replacement of mature stands of balsam fir. |
