| During the year 1551 Valdivia occupied himself in fortifying Concepcion and making preparations for an invasion of Araucania. |
| In 1600, the Chilean city of Valdivia was conquered by the Dutch pirate Sebastian de Cordes. |
| Forty-eight hours later not only the whole of Araucania, but also the provinces south of Valdivia, rose in arms. |
| This occupation triggered the return of the Spanish to Valdivia and the building of one of the largest defensive complexes of colonial America. |
| If you are going to the province of Valdivia, you will be obliged to traverse Araucania in its whole length. |
| In 1642, the VOC and WIC sent a fleet to Chile to conquer Valdivia and its supposed gold mines. |
