| In 1983, the Supreme Court heard the case of Marsh v. Chambers to determine whether reciting prayers in legislative assemblies violated the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. |
| When a state's appropriation imparts too generous a benefit to religion alone, the establishment clause should provide a pathway to dissent. |
| The original meaning of the establishment clause has been exhaustively debated by scholars and Supreme Court Justices. |
| Such official proselytization and prayer by a public official is, of course, the hallmark of unconstitutional conduct under the Establishment Clause. |
| Arkansas that forbidding the teaching of evolution violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the US Constitution. |
| Unfortunately, taken together they render the Establishment Clause utterly hollow. |
