Anurans also have nine or fewer presacral vertebrae, and the three or four posterior to the sacrum are fused into a rod called the urostyle. |
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During turtle ontogeny the reduction of the trunk myomeres leads to sinking of the vertebrae and ribs into the dermis. |
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It's not a form of manipulation, she says, but a way of allowing the vertebrae to relax into a natural, unstressed position. |
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He survived with three cracked vertebrae and a dislocated finger after the roof of a shack broke his fall. |
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Your spinal cord runs down through your vertebrae, and nerves pass through gaps in the spinal column. |
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The caudal vertebrae have been fused into a single rod-shaped skeletal element that lies between the ilia, in effect moving the tail internally. |
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The entire neural spine and arch of the first two vertebrae of this series are exposed. |
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At surgery, there was a significant deformity of the cranial vault at the level of the occiput and first and second cervical vertebrae. |
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The somites give rise to the vertebrae, to the muscles of the trunk and limbs, and to the dermis of the skin. |
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In Brachycephalus, there is a dermal bony shield that ossifies dorsal to the vertebrae. |
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The neural spines in posterior dorsal vertebrae lack distinct lateral projections. |
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He fell 20 feet off a ladder breaking three vertebrae and exposing his spinal cord. |
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This is between bone and bone, as between the spinal vertebrae, or above and below a joint. |
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The sternum may incorporate additional vertebrae and is referred to as a synsacrum. |
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Essentially it is made of bones known as vertebrae with a disc for shock absorption between the vertebrae. |
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In his neck two of his vertebrae seemed to be fused together and in quite a sorry state. |
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Common osteoporotic fracture sites include the vertebrae, the hip, the distal radius of the forearm, and the proximal humerus. |
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This process puts greater stress on the articular cartilage of the vertebrae and their respective end plates. |
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Chiropractic adjustments aim to realign your vertebrae, restore range of motion and free up your nerve pathways. |
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Thoracic and lumbar curves have apex vertebrae in the middle of the thoracic and lumbar regions, respectively. |
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Occasionally, a half-vertebra is found in the thoracic and lumbar regions and very rarely in cervical and sacral vertebrae. |
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Finding labyrinthodont amphibian vertebrae and lungfish teeth, we took several bags of matrix to wash. |
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The neural arches of sauropod vertebrae are comprised of thin laminae of bone connecting the zygapophyses, diapophyses, and neural spine. |
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The team also discovered parts of a thigh bone, ribs, vertebrae, a collarbone, pelvis and shoulder blade. |
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The notochord is a stiff, rod-like structure that forms along the dorsal midline and eventually becomes incorporated into the vertebrae. |
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Humans and giraffes have seven neck vertebrae, while many squamates have eight. |
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Indeed, the tight articulation of the vertebrae throughout the vertebral column obscures details of accessory intervertebral articulations. |
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There is a well-developed atlas and the caudal vertebrae can be distinguished from the trunk vertebrae by the presence of hemal arches. |
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Although the atlas and axis are missing, the remaining cervical vertebrae are present and well preserved. |
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The eighth and ninth thoracic vertebrae and the fifth lumbar vertebra were crushed. |
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Below the lumbar spine is the sacrum, which is actually five vertebrae fused into one bone. |
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In other tetrapods, haemal arches do not begin for several vertebrae posterior to the sacrum. |
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The spinal column is composed of seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, the bony sacrum, and the coccyx. |
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Vesalius said that the human sacrum normally has five vertebrae but one of six is by no means rare. |
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A nuclear bone scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine confirmed compression fractures of those two vertebrae. |
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The vertebrate axial skeleton is much more than a series of vertebrae coupled with the connecting intervertebral disc tissues. |
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The postcranial skeleton, and especially the vertebrae, carpals and tarsals, were very slow to ossify. |
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In other sauropods, the neck vertebrae are at least twice as long as they are tall, according to Rauhut. |
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He had cracked three vertebrae in his back but has been told he will make a full recovery. |
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Tests showed that he had broken a vertebrae in his back and cracked a rib and will be out for several weeks at least. |
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Segments are the building blocks of arthropod bodies, vertebrae the building blocks of backbones. |
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Snakes have hundreds of similar vertebrae in their backbones, as can be seen in the skeleton of a python embryo. |
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Your backbone is actually a stack of more than 30 small bones called vertebrae. |
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The large trapezius muscle extends from the base of the skull to the last thoracic vertebrae, and from the spinal column to the scapulae. |
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Protruding from the frozen earth, like dinosaur fossils in a matrix of rock, was a row of brown vertebrae, ancient and massive. |
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This condition is occasionally present, either unilaterally or bilaterally, in the other lumbar vertebrae and even in the thoracic vertebrae. |
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One half of spinal fractures occur in the cervical vertebrae, one sixth in the thoracic vertebrae and one third in the lumbosacral vertebrae. |
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Giant whale vertebrae lie beached and bleached on the shore like prehistoric, bone propellers. |
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Fractured vertebrae do heal, but they become compressed, and may mend in a wedge shape. |
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Canids larger than a coyote are represented by four cervical vertebrae, one rib fragment, long bone fragments, one calcaneus, and one metacarpal. |
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This latter character can be seen only in one of the vertebrae that is transversally broken. |
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But, in the upper part of the vertebral column, there may be a dislocation of the vertebrae unaccompanied by a fracture. |
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The creature's vertebrae are shaped like hockey pucks, and they're stacked so close to one another that the spine is essentially unbendable. |
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Ribs curled free of the chest like those of a skeleton, and the vertebrae protruded in a line of jagged dorsal fins. |
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No ossification centers were evident for either the cervical or the last lumbar vertebrae. |
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The other pairs form joints with those of adjoining vertebrae and provide attachment for muscles and ligaments. |
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The spine is made up of 24 bones called vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. |
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Another of the positions is keeping the back straight and erect, with the vertebrae of the spinal column in a straight line. |
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Running through a small channel toward the rear of the vertebrae is the spinal cord. |
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The trapezius attaches to the base of the skull, midback vertebrae and collarbone. |
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The dura mater of the spinal cord is separated from the periosteum of the vertebrae by an epidural space. |
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The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae stacked upon each other, 26 of which are movable. |
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These discs are cushions of cartilage acting as shock absorbers between the bodies of the vertebrae that comprise the spinal column. |
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As you age, the cushioning disks between your vertebrae become dry, narrowing the spaces in your spinal column where the nerves come out. |
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Cervical nerve roots exit the cervical spine through the intervertebral foramina between the vertebrae. |
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From the skull extends the spine of the whale, and the hump of the whale rises above the larger vertebrae. |
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The bones most likely to break as a result of osteoporosis are the hip, wrist and the vertebrae of the spine. |
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I had fractured two vertebrae in my upper spine between my shoulder blades. |
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These tooth marks suggest a diet of largely hadrosaurs and ceratopsians and typically occur more commonly on limb bones than on vertebrae. |
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They may extend from the spines of one or two cervical vertebrae and ligamentum nuchae to the occipital bone. |
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Your vertebrae are separated by soft, flexible disks that have a tough outer shell and a soft, gooey center. |
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Their caudal vertebrae differ however, in that those of phlegethontiids exhibit a posterior displacement of the foramina. |
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The associated hadrosaur material consists of four caudal vertebrae and a fragmentary dentary. |
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In the posterior precaudal and anterior caudal vertebrae rib shafts become hairlike structures. |
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As discs wear down, bone spurs and osteophytes form on the vertebrae in a condition similar to osteoarthritis. |
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Nearly all of the vertebrae within this sequence are complete, with the centra and neural arches fused. |
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Your vertebrae begin to grow together, forming vertical bony outgrowths and becoming stiff and inflexible. |
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In severe cases, one or more vertebrae may be missing, exposing the spinal chord. |
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The cysts of the bone may result in pathologic fractures, and cysts in the lower vertebrae may lead to spinal cord compression and paraplegia. |
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The posterior thoracic vertebrae, synsacrum, and hindlimb are pneumatized by diverticula of the abdominal air sacs. |
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Between the notarium and synsacrum were several dorsal vertebrae that may have provided some level of dorsoventral mobility. |
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In most birds, diverticula of the abdominal air sacs pneumatize the posterior thoracic vertebrae and synsacrum later in ontogeny. |
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This is stabilised using titanium screws placed in the pedicle of the vertebrae, with a rod connecting the screws. |
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Thus, the peduncular vertebrae form a rigid bar, interposed between two relatively flexible joints. |
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He suffered broken vertebrae in his neck and broke his collarbone and six ribs. |
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In D. herschelensis, the concavity of the articular face of the vertebrae is not as deep as in P. latipinnis. |
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A backbone is composed of a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae connected by collagenous intervertebral joints. |
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Indeed, at an even earlier ontogenetic stage the vertebrae of the youngest individuals must have lacked any pneumatic features. |
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I've forgotten about that wooden frame and only narrowly miss causing irreversible damage to my vertebrae. |
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The infection spreads and destroys the epiphyseal cortex, the intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebrae. |
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There are no transverse costal pits on the transverse processes of the eleventh and twelfth vertebrae. |
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Whales have streamlike bodies with highly compressed neck vertebrae, dorsal fins, and a tail with two finlike flukes arranged horizontally. |
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They do not shoot out of the spaces between the vertebrae and produce pain that way. |
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The spinous processes of cervical vertebrae 2, 3, 4, and 5 usually possess cleft spines. |
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Five steps up the dirt path, my trachea crumpled, my vertebrae fused, and the small muscles in my back revolted and spasmed. |
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The identification of this taxon at locality 1 is based upon a highly distinctive tabular horn and diagnostic trunk vertebrae. |
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All birds, both fossil and modern, have reduced the tail to a mass of fused vertebrae termed the pygostyle. |
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You can see the actual nerves inside the spinal column, plain as plain, and every tiny dint and imperfection on the vertebrae. |
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This structure of vertebrae and discs is supported along its length by muscles and ligaments. |
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The skeleton is highly incomplete, consisting of hand and foot bones, epiphyses, ribs, vertebrae, the right ilium, and teeth. |
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If the longhair's tail is docked at all, only a vertebrae or two are removed. |
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The new regulation expands that prohibition to include dorsal root ganglia, clusters of nerve cells connected to the spinal cord along the vertebrae column. |
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Their origins are generally between the first and third lumbar vertebrae. |
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A perpendicular is erected from the end plate of the most caudal vertebrae, whose inferior end plate tilts maximally to the concavity of the curve. |
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Many of the vertebrae of the Ada Ophiacodon are represented by isolated centra or neural arches, or a suture clearly defines the boundary between these two elements. |
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As for the animal bones, Smithson noted that almost all were carbonized, and included lamb vertebrae, as well as two larger vertebrae, probably from a calf. |
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Penguins are flightless divers with poorly pneumatized skeleton, carinate sternum with two lateral notches, 15 cervical vertebrae and basipterygoid processes absent. |
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The single sacral vertebra is usually somewhat stouter than surrounding vertebrae and has a relatively robust rib that articulates with the ilium of the pelvic girdle. |
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You should not be able to feel the sacral vertebrae between the hip bones. |
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Osteological characters, such as the construction of the mandible and articulations of the cervical vertebrae also distinguish the two subfamilies. |
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The application of cricoid pressure compensates for decreased UES tone by compressing the proximal esophageal lumen between the cricoid cartilage and the cervical vertebrae. |
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They are fused to the vertebrae to take pressure off the spinal canal. |
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Typically the anterior scalene arises from the fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, occasionally from the third, and rarely from the seventh. |
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Shear loading may also explain the bending mechanics of the interspinous ligaments running axially between the zygopophyses of the neural spines of dolphin vertebrae. |
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Go ahead and lay supine and see if you can get your cervical vertebrae and sacrum on the ball simultaneously, with your femur parallel to the floor. |
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Doctors around the world drive them into the vertebrae of patients with devastating back injuries. |
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Even when you're just standing, the vertical alignment of your spinal column causes compressive forces on the rubbery disks that separate your vertebrae. |
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They reportedly got back together a few months later after Soffer injured his vertebrae in a helicopter crash. |
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The body was transported to the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center where a necropsy revealed the horse had broken his neck between the fourth and fifth vertebrae. |
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The half-vertebra is, as a rule, ankylosed to adjacent vertebrae. |
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He said the cracked vertebrae had no direct bearing on the cause of death. |
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The Hadar hominid would have differed from most primates, in which both these vertebrae are involved in formation of the first costal capitular joint. |
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The remains include a complete tibia and shoulder blade, as well as parts of a femur, ribs, vertebrae, collarbone and pelvis, as well as an ankle bone. |
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The preservation of the delicate neural arch laminae in cervical and dorsal vertebrae further indicates that the bones underwent little transport. |
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All of these Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic amphibians are called labyrinthodonts and lepospondyls, based on features of their teeth and vertebrae. |
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In the evolution of vertebrates, long bodies with continuously flexible notochords and segmental muscles existed before the appearance of segmental vertebrae. |
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A prominent feature of the head of every specimen is a pair of strange rods, the occipital lamellae, projecting from the back of the cranium alongside the vertebrae. |
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Other cetaceans have fused neck vertebrae and are unable to turn their head at all. |
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The lump, it turned out, was the result of a dislocated vertebrae. |
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Neurosurgery was performed in 1996 to fuse cervical vertebrae and remove cranial bone and dura mater in the occipitalis area. |
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In others, such as in the crevalle jack, it's the ribs, vertebrae, or other skull bones that are involved. |
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Fourteen colubrid snake vertebrae were recovered, that represent both small and large individuals. |
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Some family members also have fused carpal and tarsal bones and fused vertebrae. |
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A basal hadrosauroid, the find included partial skull bones, several vertebrae and fragments of the ribs. |
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In contrast, modern ophiuroids have a single series of axial arm plates termed vertebrae. |
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They have up to 92 vertebrae, more than any other species of oceanic dolphin. |
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It occurs when the ligaments that surround the platelike cushions between the vertebrae in the spine begin to weaken. |
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The lesion may then involve adjacent organs such as vertebrae, pleura and soft tissues. |
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The local subgroup of the erector spinae are those muscles whose fascicles originate and insert on the vertebrae of the lumbar spine and pelvis. |
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The interspinous ligaments connect the adjoining spinous processes of the vertebrae. |
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The general structure of vertebrae in other animals is largely the same as in humans. |
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Opisthocoelous vertebrae are the opposite, possessing anterior convexity and posterior concavity. |
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The dorsal vertebrae range from the bottom of the neck to the top of the pelvis. |
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Dorsal vertebrae attached to the ribs are called thoracic vertebrae, while those without ribs are called lumbar vertebrae. |
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When multiple sacral vertebrae are fused into a single structure, it is called the sacrum. |
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In cartilaginous fish, such as sharks, the vertebrae consist of two cartilaginous tubes. |
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The general structure of human vertebrae is fairly typical of that found in mammals, reptiles, and birds. |
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The number of vertebrae in the spines of reptiles is highly variable, and may be several hundred in some species of snake. |
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In birds, there is a variable number of cervical vertebrae, which often form the only truly flexible part of the spine. |
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The thoracic vertebrae are partially fused, providing a solid brace for the wings during flight. |
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In living birds, the remaining caudal vertebrae are fused into a further bone, the pygostyle, for attachment of the tail feathers. |
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Aside from the tail, the number of vertebrae in mammals is generally fairly constant. |
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There are generally three to five vertebrae with the sacrum, and anything up to fifty caudal vertebrae. |
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In many hadrosaur and theropod dinosaurs, the caudal vertebrae were reinforced by ossified tendons. |
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The presence of three or more sacral vertebrae, in association with the hip bones, is one of the defining characteristics of dinosaurs. |
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Radiographs were obtained to reveal the arrow crushed the fifth spinous process of the vertebrae. |
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Dorsal zygapophyses prominent on anterior vertebrae, ventral zygapophyses present on posterior precaudal and caudal vertebrae. |
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Sitting in as it punishingly stalls, veers and surges erratically is an orthopedic nightmare, whiplashing cervical vertebrae torturously. |
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And mutations in GDF6 lead to fusion of neck vertebrae in people with a genetic disorder known as Klippel-Feil syndrome, the researchers found. |
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Among the few that deviate from this number are three-toed sloths, which may have up to ten ribless vertebrae in the neck. |
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He suffered from injuries which included two fractured vertebrae when his car went over a nature strip and hit a fence. |
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Demonstration of caliper measurement of the interpars difference of a lumbar vertebrae. |
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Among them are two Serbian citizens who have been hospitalized for broken lumbar vertebrae. |
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The spinal X-rays demonstrated complete absence of all the lumbar vertebrae and no twelfth thoracic vertebra. |
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A bone scan was done after his lower-back pain worsened in the past week, showing inflammation in the bottom vertebrae of the spine. |
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He has damaged three vertebrae in his neck and will have to wear a cervical collar for eight to 12 weeks. |
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Radiographs were obtained to reveal the arrow had crushed the 5th spinous process of the vertebrae. |
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The ink was hardly dry on Harley's new contract with Marco Botti when the rider fractured a couple of vertebrae at Lingfield. |
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The cervical spine, found in all mammals, consists of seven vertebrae which, however, are reduced or fused. |
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The fins are carried by the thoracic vertebrae, ranging from nine to seventeen individual vertebrae. |
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In the Neolithic settlement of Skara Brae on Orkney sauce pans were made from whale vertebrae. |
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In 1834, physician Johann Friedrich Engelhardt discovered some vertebrae and leg bones at Heroldsberg near Nuremberg, Germany. |
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Whale ribs loosely articulate with their thoracic vertebrae at the proximal end, but do not form a rigid rib cage. |
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Whale ribs loosely articulate with their thoracic vertebrae at the proximal end, but they do not form a rigid rib cage. |
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This difference is reflected in the structure of the cervical vertebrae in the two groups, which are clearly distinct. |
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Owls have 14 neck vertebrae compared to seven in humans, which makes their necks more flexible. |
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Some primitive snakes are known to have possessed hindlimbs, but their pelvic bones lacked a direct connection to the vertebrae. |
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The vertebrae have projections that allow for strong muscle attachment enabling locomotion without limbs. |
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Manatees are unusual amongst mammals in possessing just six cervical vertebrae, which may be due to mutations in the homeotic genes. |
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In adults, red marrow is mostly found in the bone marrow of the femur, the ribs, the vertebrae and pelvic bones. |
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The long neck results from a disproportionate lengthening of the cervical vertebrae, not from the addition of more vertebrae. |
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The articulating vertebrae are named according to their region of the spine. |
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There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae and five lumbar vertebrae. |
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The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. |
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The vertebrae in the human vertebral column are divided into different regions, which correspond to the curves of the spinal column. |
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The vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines are independent bones, and generally quite similar. |
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The vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx are usually fused and unable to move independently. |
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In between each pair of vertebrae are two small holes called intervertebral foramina. |
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It is convex anteriorly, the convexity of the lower three vertebrae being much greater than that of the upper two. |
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There are different ligaments involved in the holding together of the vertebrae in the column, and in the column's movement. |
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At 45 min postmortem, muscle samples for the analysis of glycogen and lactate contents were taken from the longissimus lumborum muscle at the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae. |
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The fusing of the neck vertebrae, while increasing stability when swimming at high speeds, decreases flexibility, making it impossible for them to turn their head. |
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Two special vertebrae are the atlas and axis, on which the head rests. |
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Vertebral structure is critical for the identification of fossil snakes, because vertebrae are among the most easily fossilized parts of ophidians. |
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The Mesozoic Lepidosteidae, again, have, at most, biconcave vertebrae, while the existing Lepidosteus has Salamandroid, opisthocoelous, vertebrae. |
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The fusing of the neck vertebrae, while increasing stability when swimming at high speeds, decreases flexibility, which means they are unable to turn their heads. |
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The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do not have proper vertebrae due to their loss in evolution, though their closest living relatives, the lampreys, do. |
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In the thoracic region, the sides of the bodies of the vertebrae are marked in the back by the facets for articulation with the heads of the ribs. |
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On 7 March 2010 he broke both ankles and four bones in a foot, and also chipped four vertebrae and suffered skin lesions, when he fell down a lift shaft at his home. |
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A representative from Lorenzo Scaglia Natural History Museum said that Carlos had come across the skull, vertebrae, ribs as well as other remains of the creature. |
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Individual vertebrae of the human vertebral column can be felt and used as surface anatomy, with reference points are taken from the middle of the vertebral body. |
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The American bison has four lumbar vertebrae, while the European has five. |
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Procoelous vertebrae are anteriorly concave and posteriorly convex. |
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If you attentively regard almost any quadruped's spine, you will be struck with the resemblance of its vertebrae to a strung necklace of dwarfed skulls. |
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In other vertebrates, the number of cervical vertebrae can range from a single vertebra in amphibians, to as many as 25 in swans or 76 in the extinct plesiosaur Elasmosaurus. |
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It is a ready-to-use, self-hardening bone cement that is injected into the vertebrae through a minimally invasive procedure known as a vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. |
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Moreover, all the outgrowths which I have said constitute the acantha are not of equal size in all the vertebrae, and Nature has done this with wonderful forethought. |
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The sacral vertebrae are those in the pelvic region, and range from one in amphibians, to two in most birds and modern reptiles, or up to three to five in mammals. |
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Comparisons between giraffes and their ancient relatives suggest that vertebrae close to the skull lengthened earlier, followed by lengthening of vertebrae further down. |
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In modern forms, the vertebrae occur along the median of the arm. |
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A number of species, however, have a pseudotail consisting of a few postcloacal vertebrae, but annulation is incomplete and a terminal shield is consistently present. |
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Essentially, a spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis, an area of the vertebrae that connects the vertebral facets, or joints that adjoin vertebrae together. |
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Final options include C-section delivery, symphysiotomy, or the Zavanelli maneuver, which has been known to rupture cervical vertebrae and cause major intracranial damage. |
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Even these patterns are only generalisations, however, and there may be variation in form of the vertebrae along the length of the spine even within a single species. |
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The stallion was found to be suffering from a spinal-cord compression due to arthritic changes in the vertebrae after a myelogram was performed on him on Sunday. |
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The vertebral artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery and ascends vertically through the foramina of all but the seventh cervical vertebrae. |
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