Finally, states which have enacted statutes to deal with cruelty to animals also include equines in their definitions of domestic livestock. |
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The statutes governing most English cathedrals give the dean and chapter together a considerable degree of independence from episcopal control. |
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In 1972, the Supreme Court, in Furman v. Georgia, voided all existing state death penalty statutes, thus suspending the death penalty. |
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In considering a nonpassive defense, the Army needs to take into account a number of Federal statutes. |
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Certain statutes provide wide powers for local authorities to use contracts in furtherance of policy. |
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Most custom is supported by statutes of organizations, churches, or clubs, if not guaranteed by the state. |
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Government designs statutes that gently steer the wayfaring press away from trampling on individual privacy. |
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The persistent charges of jury packing in Ireland led to calls for reform of the jury selection statutes. |
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The motion also seeks to locally effect all international statutes that promote women's advancement and protection. |
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These eighteenth-century statutes authorize the arrest of vagrants, vagabonds, and nightwalkers, among others. |
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He argued that all the applicable statutes and treaty obligations can be read in such a way as to define torture very narrowly. |
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This statute was merely a reenactment of prior statutes which have preserved common law crimes and made them part of our jurisprudence. |
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Other half interest is devisable by will or passes by succession under probate statutes. |
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I know of another example of non-enforced statutes of law that always shock people when I tell them about it. |
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There is no identical phrase in any of the statutes that are included in the booklet submitted by my learned friends. |
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Thirdly, do they say there was an estate in reversion created in the Crown under these statutes? |
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These cases about federal and state disability law raise the question of what anti-discrimination statutes ought to be about. |
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This led to a movement toward rewording the death penalty statutes to attempt to avoid the inequality in application. |
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Since laws are of general application it is inevitable that the wording of statutes is not always precise. |
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Several states have passed statutes providing for compulsory asexualization of inmates of insane asylums and prisons. |
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State statutes also ensure the humane euthanasia of furbearers, since they are not food animals. |
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Public education is a responsibility that is etched into the constitutions or statutes of the states. |
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There are various statutes giving regulatory authorities powers to require clean-up by the polluter or the owner or occupier of land. |
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It includes breaches of regulatory statutes, breaches of contract, and torts and other breaches of duty. |
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The beit din operates in conformance with California arbitration statutes and legal codes. |
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At present, these courts are governed by the statutes of the former apartheid government and the former homelands and self-governing territories. |
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On this basis, therefore, I propose that you should agree to give treaties precedence over later statutes. |
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Parliament, however, has sought to mitigate the worst effects of strict liability by including defences in some statutes. |
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In some states, statutes specifically give farriers, horse shoers, or blacksmiths liens on horses they have shod. |
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Although such laws were most prevalent in the South, the northern colonies also enacted statutes restricting the lives of bondmen and bondwomen. |
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Ironically, it appeared to have no effect on the organisation's statutes or policy positions. |
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The validity of the contracts and of the acts done was governed entirely by the law of contract, not by the statutes. |
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Alexander, disliking harsh measures, in 1863 approved a new set of university statutes. |
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Thus statutes were passed with the object of giving landlords a return sufficient to induce them to make accommodation available. |
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But in all other contexts in ordinary criminal appellate statutes with which this country is familiar, what the jury did may not be ignored. |
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Parts 2 and 3 dealing with statutes and rules are already available in the market at lower prices. |
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This position afforded him the exclusive right to print royal proclamations, statutes, and other official documents. |
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The presentation of the Commandments in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 is followed, in both cases, by more detailed statutes and ordinances. |
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Although many incest statutes apply only to consanguineous relationships, some apply to all legally sanctioned parent-child relationships. |
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Some states have enacted statutes requiring mandatory reporting, civil and criminal penalties and emergency interventions. |
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Lawyers and judges can still benefit from thoughtful analysis of case law and statutes. |
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And many states have statutes to prevent employers from prying into an employee's private life. |
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Congress has passed statutes making a defendant pay the fee of a plaintiff's lawyer if the plaintiff prevails in the case. |
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Even in regard to criminal statutes the presumption in favour of strict construction is nowadays rarely applied. |
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It was unclear exactly how he would go about further criminalizing the indecency statutes. |
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What is so dangerous that our oldest statutes could be upended for such a ha'p'orth of momentary panic? |
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Most of the law dealt with here is based on statutes or other public enactments. |
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Community care legislation has grown piecemeal though numerous statutes over the last half century. |
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When a person dies without a will, Texas statutes determine who inherits that person's property. |
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Both sides claim the backing of World Trade Organization statutes for their positions. |
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They establish these statutes as establishing a sharp cleavage between drunkenness and nondrunkenness. |
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The Castle is adorned with red marble stairways, gothic facades, bastions and epic statutes overlooking the Danube. |
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Thirty-eight states revised and re-enacted their death penalty laws after the 1972 Court ruling that all but a few capital statutes were unconstitutional. |
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The Supreme Court rejected a challenge to one of those statutes. |
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Practice standards also can establish restrictions through statutes, rules, or both, on the practice of an occupation with the use of special enforcement. |
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They claimed members were not given prior notice and the university's academic council must be consulted before the governing body can make changes to university statutes. |
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Are there statutes of limitations for these crimes, which in some cases are alleged to have taken place decades ago? |
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Only that, as you might expect, the U.S. criminal code, and a similar collection of Illinois criminal statutes are nearby. |
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With this strong new federal interpretation of the act, states may now be able to add language to their own rules and statutes regarding state's control of exotic species. |
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And when you are in public office, expect to get caught in the crossfire, especially if there are RICO statutes. |
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Now the Health Service Commissioners Act 1993 has consolidated these earlier statutes and governs such matters as appointment, jurisdiction and powers. |
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Many states have statutes or administrative rules about some specific content to be required in medical records, and these can and must be tailored into any CBE system. |
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Unfortunately, courts are rarely moved by moralistic attacks of statutes that the accused view as unjust. |
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With the exception of especially hazardous work environments, labor statutes were written and promoted on grounds that only women's work should be regulated. |
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Rules are written to reflect the statutes passed in legislation. |
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Georgia relied, in part, on the fact that, in the years after the Furman decision, numerous state legislatures had re-enacted death penalty statutes. |
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The principles relating to interpretation of statutes require that the words of a statute be given the meaning which they bore at the time the statute was passed. |
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Similar to the Asquith Colleges, they were governed by French university statutes, and the staff members were accorded the rights of French academics. |
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A series of statutes, beginning in 1915, sought to address this problem, by controlling the rents which could be charged and affording security of tenure to tenants. |
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I think that the ballot was definitely violative of the Florida statutes. |
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National government power generally has expanded over state power through Supreme Court decisions, constitutional amendments, executive orders, and federal statutes. |
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The foregoing analysis of appropriation bills, statutes, and attendant documents explains how the General Assembly of North Carolina came to adopt performance funding. |
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Unfortunately, in the last few years a rash of cases, statutes, and rules has made it easier for adversaries of the poor to silence them by muzzling their lawyers. |
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He worked hard to reform the statutes of Cambridge University and, when the Government set up a Commission to propose reforms, he was appointed to it. |
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In some statutes, moreover, a child is not considered eligible to be adopted by anyone except a married step-parent unless all his parents' rights have been ended. |
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It is an established rule in English-based common law countries that statutes will not be interpreted as abrogating fundamental rights and freedoms unless clearly stated. |
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But this argument presumed wrongdoing by the petitioner and ignored the fact that there were already criminal statutes existing punishing such behavior. |
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The company will revise its statutes to allow workers to sit on management committees and allow non-church leaders to become members of the board of directors. |
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It may be that this is easier in relation to subordinate as opposed to primary legislation, but it appears to open the door to the possibility of courts rewording statutes. |
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The juror is said to have invoked common sense in the face of the statutes as codified by the State of Illinois. |
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Constitutions are generally speaking less readily amendable than statutes. |
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Others, such as New Jersey, have enacted statutes clarifying that they do not follow the champerty doctrine. |
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Criminal statutes of limitations limit the exposure of an individual to prosecution to a certain period following the commission of the crime. |
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The record industry may also be reprimanded for not seeking prosecution of copyright infringements under criminal statutes. |
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Legislation, or statutory law, can be divided into statutes and subsidiary legislation. |
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The same pattern of political action was observable in the dairy industry's quest for antimargarine statutes nearly 50 years earlier. |
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To be sure, Mr. Panetta emphasized that the president could not bypass antitorture statutes, as Bush lawyers claimed. |
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This embarge is termed a moral one because it imposes no legal restraints upon would-be exporters, for there are no statutes providing for this. |
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The statutes did not, however, sever the ties between the king and the Pope, who were equally dependent upon each other. |
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This change in the power of the papacy in England is demonstrated by the statutes of Praemunire. |
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Slavery first appears in Virginia statutes in 1661 and 1662, when a law made it hereditary based on the mother's status. |
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The fellows believed Farmer ineligible under the college's statutes and so elected John Hough instead. |
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The college statutes required them to fill the vacancy within a certain time and so could not wait for a further royal nomination. |
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The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. |
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Since 1424, this language, known to its speakers as Inglis, was used by the Scottish Parliament in its statutes. |
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The constitution of the United Kingdom is uncodified, being made up of constitutional conventions, statutes and other elements such as EU law. |
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By contrast, decisions in civil law jurisdictions are generally very short, referring only to statutes. |
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One of the most important roles of precedent is to resolve ambiguities in other legal texts, such as constitutions, statutes, and regulations. |
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The council is the supreme governing body of King's College London established under the charter and statutes, comprising 21 members. |
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These have only a ceremonial role, but are authorised by the statutes of their orders to wear the same crown as Garter at a coronation. |
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The congress makes decisions relating to FIFA's governing statutes and their method of implementation and application. |
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The continental confederations are provided for in FIFA's statutes, and membership of a confederation is a prerequisite to FIFA membership. |
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It follows that Parliament can change the constitution simply by passing new statutes through Acts of Parliament. |
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A universal problem encountered by lawmakers throughout human history is how to organize published statutes. |
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The Scottish Universities Committee considers proposed amendments to the statutes of Scotland's four ancient universities. |
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Alongside, every system will have a legislature that passes new laws and statutes. |
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In some jurisdictions, such statutes may overrule judicial decisions or codify the topic covered by several contradictory or ambiguous decisions. |
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Rather than a compendium of statutes or catalog of caselaw, the Code sets out general principles as rules of law. |
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English courts apply criminal statutes and common law as part of their responsibility for applying justice and dealing with the culprits. |
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It was also responsible for the statutes relating to the formalities of marriage and conduct of civil marriage in Scotland. |
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Seventeen states, however, have passed statutes opposing or refusing to implement the Real ID Act. |
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Statutory classification of a drug as a narcotic often increases the penalties for violation of drug control statutes. |
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Legislative entities are the main source of statutes, although in certain matters judiciary and executive bodies may enact legal norms. |
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From time to time, individuals may be admitted to the Order by special statutes. |
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Early Irish law, also called Brehon law, comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland. |
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The punishment for this offence is set out in several Scottish statutes acts. |
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The official codification of Federal statutes is called the United States Code. |
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Even in code form, however, many statutes by their nature pertain to more than one topic. |
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Recodification refers to a process where existing codified statutes are reformatted and rewritten into a new codified structure. |
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As a result of the Conference, a permanent organization was formed and statutes for its operations were prepared. |
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The Italian judicial system is based on Roman law modified by the Napoleonic code and later statutes. |
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Three years later, the seven basic principles of the movement as adopted in 1965 were incorporated into its statutes. |
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The exact rules for recognition are defined in the statutes of the Movement. |
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The board was empowered to make general orders and regulations enforcing the various statutes for which it was responsible. |
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For example, if the regulators want to increase safety, they should make safety statutes or publish a public list of safe taxi operators. |
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In 1885 they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites. |
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The Republic of Ragusa received its own Statutes as early as 1272, statutes which, among other things, codified Roman practice and local customs. |
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The Americans With Disabilities Act paralleled its landmark predecessor structurally, drawing upon many of the same titles and statutes. |
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This type has become less common with the passage of time, as statutes encroach on areas which used to form part of the Royal Prerogative. |
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There are a number of criminal statutes in the California Penal Code defining grand theft in different amounts. |
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Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. |
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Such English statutes are still regularly cited in contemporary American cases interpreting their modern American descendants. |
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The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. |
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Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. |
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Most countries have statutes which deal directly with sale of goods, lease transactions, and trade practices. |
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In the eighty years following the Civil War to World War II, the Court voided Congressional statutes in 77 cases, on average almost one a year. |
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The Court will choose statutes or general law for the basis of its decision if it can without constitutional grounds. |
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Australian courts normally interpret statutes with a strong presumption that they do not apply retroactively. |
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The government of Virginia claims copyright over the Code, including the text of statutes. |
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By 1909, California, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Utah had passed statutes establishing the right. |
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In the other five provinces and the three territories, reception was governed by reception statutes. |
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British colonists were considered to have brought English common law as well as applicable English statutes with them. |
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Herle saith, some statutes are made against law and right, which those who made them perceiving would not put them in execution. |
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His position was to treat statutes in the same way as other documents for the purpose of judicial review and was followed for decades. |
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During the ratification conventions, despite Coke being mentioned, it was not during debates over the striking down of unconstitutional statutes. |
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The Court's jurisdiction is a hybrid of constitutional provisions, statutes, and case law. |
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Human rights in Australia are generally protected through statutes and the common law. |
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Most statutes are meant to be applied in the main not by legal practitioners and judges but by administrative decision makers. |
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Unwritten laws are laws which are not contained in any statutes and can be found in case decisions. |
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Certain Singapore statutes are not based on English enactments but on legislation from other jurisdictions. |
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However, the manner in which section 5 was worded created much difficulty in determining whether particular English statutes applied locally. |
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Some of these statutes continue to apply, often in modified form, in Singapore today. |
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These were statutes that lawfully upheld the prominence of parliament for the first time in English history. |
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Other important offences are created by statutes such as the Arms Offences Act, Kidnapping Act, Misuse of Drugs Act and Vandalism Act. |
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The main body of statutes and laws governing civil law and procedure are set out in the Civil Code of France. |
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As a result, California statutory law became incredibly disorganized as uncodified statutes continued to pile up in the California Statutes. |
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The statutes or judicial decisions in one state may be completely opposite to those of another state on a particular legal issue. |
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Most statutes that deal with civil procedure are codified in a separate code, the California Code of Civil Procedure. |
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It was never conferred by an act of parliament, but was used in warrants of precedence and in the statutes of knightly orders. |
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Despite being largely uncodified, Mohammedan law has the same legal status as other codified statutes. |
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The practice of recording Parliamentary statutes in French or Latin ceased by 1488 and statutes have been published in English ever since. |
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Tudor statutes had placed responsibility on each parish to maintain all its roads. |
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Chrysler vehicles are covered by written warranties and by implied warranty provisions mandated by Federal and state statutes. |
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The UDRP rules and the ACPA statutes were established to address activities generally identified as cybersquatting. |
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This rationale and disdain for lawyer solicitation goes back to the 19th century, when state barratry statutes criminalized the conduct. |
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Some eminent domain statutes require payments for the expense of relocating fixtures end personalty. |
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On the other hand, in order to rename schools it is necessary to change first the statutes of the schools, which further requires consent from the Ministry of Education. |
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This was the clear result of the 1st George I., taken in conjunction with the other statutes, and the contemporanea expositio confirmed this construction. |
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In the 1930s, the Court used Ex parte Young to guard against regulatory state statutes which imposed heavy fines that were not redressible by eventual suit in federal court. |
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Horowitz embeds the statutes of this confraternity within a detailed history of local Jewries and links both to the broader themes of social and cultural history. |
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The authority for patent statutes in different countries varies. |
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Where state nonprofit organization statutes allow the use of electronic media in association governance, the extent to which such use is permitted varies. |
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In applying these statutes, provincial law has important consequences. |
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Laws passed by the federal government are initially announced in the Canada Gazette, a regularly published newspaper for new statutes and regulations. |
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The holder in due course rule has been limited by various statutes. |
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Other private law statutes are also located in other codes such as commercial code in the Code of Commerce, or copyright law in the Intellectual Property Code. |
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Papal relations and reform continue the diplomatic story, especially regarding the investiture controversy in the context of Provisors and Praemunire statutes. |
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The application of English law or common law is specified in statutes. |
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Charles Gray, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, argues that Coke, as a judge, never intended to advocate the judicial review of statutes. |
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To resolve this uncertainty, various statutes were passed to set the date of reception as July 15, 1870, the date of the transfer of these two territories to Canada. |
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When Canada achieved formal independence with the passage of the Canada Act 1982, no reception statutes were necessary for the decolonialisation process. |
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The reception of English law occurred long before Canada became fully independent, and reception statutes in Canada were not part of the decolonisation process. |
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The Canadian colonies received the common law and English statutes under Blackstone's principles for the establishment of the legal system of a new colony. |
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Mala prohibita statutes are usually imposed strictly, as there does not need to be mens rea component for punishment under those offenses, just the act itself. |
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Customary law is a recognized source of law within jurisdictions of the civil law tradition, where it may be subordinate to both statutes and regulations. |
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At the time of the Constitutional Convention, there had been cases in the state courts of at least seven states involving judicial review of state statutes. |
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Many jurisdictions enacted statutes to create a right to such recovery. |
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The statutes are fully annotated by Virginia attorneys, and include cites to and summaries of Virginia state and federal court decisions as well as law reviews. |
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For example, the right to a jury trial applies to cases brought under federal statutes that prohibit race or gender discrimination in housing or employment. |
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They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. |
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Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes. |
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Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. |
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Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. |
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Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. |
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For nations to apply their criminal statutes extraterritorially, they are required to first assert a legitimate basis of prescriptive jurisdiction. |
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Although common law originated from England, the common law of each jurisdiction with regard to culpability varies as precedents and statutes vary. |
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Some states have implemented presuit statutes wherein the parties must complete a presuit investigation of any claim relative to medical malpractice. |
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Minimization of this injury is explicit in the Recovery Plan, several state statutes, and federal laws, and implicit in our society's ethical and moral standards. |
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Salic law provided written codification of both civil law, such as the statutes governing inheritance, and criminal law, such as the punishment for murder. |
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However, commercial publications that specialize in legal materials often arrange and print the uncodified statutes with the codes to which they pertain. |
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Title 18, for example, contains many of the Federal criminal statutes. |
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The privy council act remained in effect into the nineteenth century as one of the principal statutes for the management of schools under Scots Law. |
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Because increasing legislation required more Scottish statutes, the importance of the legal and the administrative in the years between the wars grew. |
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A programme of integration with Durham began, with the Privy Council approving changes in Durham's statutes to make UCS a college of the University of Durham. |
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The relationships between statutes and judicial decisions can be complex. |
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Canada's constitution consists of almost 30 different statutes. |
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The Scottish Parliament is a devolved unicameral legislature that has the power to pass statutes only affecting Scotland on matters within its legislative competence. |
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Modern statutes will specify that they apply to Scotland and may also include special wording to take into consideration unique elements of the legal system. |
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The Universities Committee, which last met in 1995, considers petitions against statutes made by Oxford and Cambridge Universities and their colleges. |
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The Privy Council therefore deals with a wide range of matters, including university and livery company statutes, churchyards, coinage and dates of bank holidays. |
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Such publications have a habit of starting small but growing rapidly over time, as new statutes are enacted in response to the exigencies of the moment. |
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Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. |
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Singha argues that after 1857 the colonial government strengthened and expanded its infrastructure via the court system, legal procedures, and statutes. |
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While there is no definitive list of constitutional statutes, there are certain statutes that are significant in the history of the Constitution of the United Kingdom. |
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The Headmaster of St Paul's is known as the High Master and his deputy is known as the Surmaster, which is also the title given to him in the statutes. |
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In the common law tradition, courts decide the law applicable to a case by interpreting statutes and applying precedent which record how and why prior cases have been decided. |
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Moreover, the Church authorities revived the statutes passed in the time of Elizabeth I about church attendance and fined Puritans for not attending Anglican church services. |
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As of 2010 English was passed as the Commonwealth's official language by statutes in 1981 and again in 1996, though the status is not mandated by the Constitution of Virginia. |
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For that reason, statutes in civil law systems are more comprehensive, detailed, and continuously updated, covering all matters capable of being brought before a court. |
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Since retrocession, the ultimate power to interpret statutes has been passed on from the CFA to the National People's Congress Standing Committee. |
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