How to use spores in a sentence

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Sentence Examples In its simplest form, this is a flour and water batter, providing food and moisture for the yeast spores which the baker hopes are present. I have been trying to grow walking ferns from spores, with little or no success until this last year. Over-watered lawns will quickly become mold factories and will shower everyone near them with an abundance of mold spores. The assumption is that if ricin were weaponized, it would be treated like anthrax spores and dispersed for maximum effect. During the tests, aerosolized spores were captured with an aerosol sampler and suspended in a solution. The white kaolin clay has extra fine particles that simultaneously thwart insects and act as an alkaline barrier to fungal spores. We hypothesized that this was due to wild-type protein inherited by the spores. These were filled with mature, refringent spores, as observed under the microscope. Many questions concerning toxicity and allergenicity have been raised about corn contaminated with the spores of this fungus. Each pustule daily produces about 1000 spores, each of which is capable of reinfecting wheat. It is one of more than 300 species of wood-boring ambrosia beetles which distribute the spores of ambrosia fungi. Under these conditions, the overwintering resting spores germinate and can infect plants directly or through the production of zoospores. It should have been under cover from the end of November, but hopefully the leaf curl fungal spores aren't active yet. Perhaps more insidiously, insects such as fruit fly can carry spores associated with bunch rots, and mealy bug can transmit leaf roll virus. More importantly, investigators have found that airborne Stachybotrys spores are highly respirable, and they contain trichothecene mycotoxins. Wear a medium-efficiency or high-efficiency filter dust mask or respirator to protect against the inhalation of mold spores. Microscopically, this type of mushroom is easily distinguished by its nodulose spores. Allergic rhinitis is most commonly caused by grass pollen, but tree and weed pollens and mould spores can also cause attacks. Patches of adsorbed rodlets were observed on the substrate during AFM visualization of B. thuringiensis spores. Pollen and spores in the last meal came from ferns and liverwort, which grow in subtropical environments. Show More Sentences Tiny gardens of moss and liverworts flourished where spores had drifted in from outside and settled under the warm glow of the cave lights. Mold spores adhere more tightly to the rough surfaces than to the smooth skin of undamaged kernels. When a logger cuts a tree, he also coats it with spores that help it decompose. Ash dieback may have arrived in Britain after spores were blown on the wind from continental Europe. Using an atomizer, they then spritz the spores onto the leaves of a host weed grown inside the greenhouses. When the spores completely fill the host cell cytoplasm, the cell lyses and releases the spores to the surroundings. These male ferns produce elegant, frilly fronds up to 3 feet long and spread if spores fall in the right conditions. The fungal spores found in the pillows fed off human skins scales and dust mite faeces. The free radicals have the additional benefit of killing bacteria, viruses and spores. In addition, many fungi are able to parasitize spores, sclerotia, or hyphae of other fungi, resulting in biocontrol. Under certain conditions the spores grow extravagantly, infiltrating the tree with multitudes of thread-thin tentacles. The shiny, blue-black layer on each fruit body is comprised of thousands of balloon-like cells, each containing eight spores. Two-thirds of the tetrads gave rise to four normally growing spores and one spore that formed a microcolony of 10 cells. In both strains, haploid phenotypes from tetrads yielding four viable spores may be used to measure the strength of crossover interference. Ceratopteris spores, like fucoid zygotes, divide unequally to produce a small rhizoid cell and a larger cell that develops into the thallus. Four chains of basidiospores, the sexual spores of C. neoformans, are then produced from each basidium. Under the same conditions, wild-type cells conjugated and succeeded in producing spores. They have male spores called microspores and female spores called megaspores. Many plants in the common group reproduce vegetatively from stolons or rhizomes, or sexually with spores. With the onset of moist weather, spores are produced and are spread to healthy wheat plants by splashing rain. Show More Sentences Again, some researchers are debating whether or not moss can actually reproduce by spores. Saprophytic fungal infestation is the finding of fungal spores on mucous crusts of respiratory passages. Once the spores gain entry to the airways and lungs, the bacteria multiply rapidly, producing anthrax toxin in lethal quantities. The release of spores and mycelial fragments can be a source of inhalational and dermal exposures. Without mycotrophic host plants present on the site to colonize, airborne spores of indigenous mycorrhizae are unable to persist. This process terminates in the production of asexual spores, the uninucleate conidia. Clostridium botulinum comes from the soil and makes spores that are very hard to destroy. An infant can acquire botulism by ingesting Clostridium botulinum spores, which are found in soil or honey products. Under the right conditions, wet structures and contents can be a perfect breeding ground for mold spores. These, when the humidity drops, pop the sori open with a spring like movement, casting the tiny spores all over the place. Dried pollen and spores were then stored in glass vials at room temperature until required. The spores transform into the anthrax bacteria, which produce a toxin that can be fatal to humans and animals. However, the tubes may contain multiple virions, or capsids, like peas in a pod, or the linear arrangement of spores in neurospora filaments. Grain mold fungi also produce spores capable of aerial dispersal in the field as well as within a grain storage bin. At flowering, the fungus grows through the floral tissue and forms masses of spores in place of healthy seed. A spore can infect a plant and cause a new lesion which will produce spores in 7-10 days. When infected flowers or leaves are plucked, a grayish-white cloud of fungal spores can usually be seen. After landing on a host plant, spores germinate and produce a germ tube that grows across the leaf surface. When contaminated seeds are planted, bunt spores germinate in the presence of moisture and infect the wheat seedlings. A concentration of just 5 parts per million was adequate to eradicate 50,000 spores under laboratory conditions. Show More Sentences While the spores are not extremely long lived, they could survive this form of movement. In the production of dry milk these bacterial spores are able to survive the spray-drying process. They produce forcibly discharged asexual spores from sporangiophores or sporophores and do not produce sporangia. Anthrax is a naturally occurring bacterium that exists in the form of spores which allow it to survive in the environment. In the filial generation, haplosis occurs as a result of nuclear dissociation to produce uninucleate spores infectious to larval mosquitoes. In the filial generation, haplosis is by meiosis to produce spores infectious for a copepod intermediate host. Fungal spores were removed from the soil matrix for identification using tweezers under a stereomicroscope. The spores can survive for years in harsh conditions, only becoming active when entering a body. It produces heat-resistant spores which may even be stimulated by high temperatures, causing the spores to germinate further. As the spores grow, fluid pressure builds up in the ascus until the operculum bursts open and the ascospores are blown out into the environment. During spore formation in the hybrid, normal pairing of chromosomes can take place, and the chromosomes can be distributed equally to the spores. In the case of the hygrophilous species C. macrocarpa and W. radicans, 6 or 12 months' dry storage killed most spores. A tough protective coat allows the bacteria to survive for decades as spores. Besides the already mentioned yeast spores, a good examples of a coenocytic plant is the multinucleate algae. Features of the spores and the perithecium in which they occur suggest that this may be a fossil species of Savoryella. They have venom fangs, and a patch on their neck where poison spores can be launched. That is, the fungal spores find a home in the garden by locating environmental conditions favorable to their reproduction and infestation. Gut contents of Carboniferous arthropods, which include lycopod xylem elements and spores, are a tangible demonstration of phytophagy. A computer simulation model mapping the spread of blackspot spores could revolutionise management of the disease in field peas. The inoculum used for medical device applications is typically Bacillus spores. Show More Sentences Conidiophores terminally differentiate at the tips to yield multinucleated asexual spores, termed conidia. Myxozoans, in contrast, form plasmodia or hollow sacs in which infective spores are produced. Numbers of viable and inviable spores of each genotype from 24 tetrads are indicated. The genotypes of the inviable spores were inferred by the segregation pattern of the viable spores, when possible. When a female copepod ingests the remains of a male mosquito larva killed by the protozoans, the copepod also ingests the spores. Germination of wild-type spores is initiated by an isotropic growth phase generating spherical germ cells. Thus spores and minute, winged insects stay suspended longer than seeds and large, flightless insects. They are weaker than cosmic and galactic rays, and tend to get buffeted around like clouds of manic dandelion spores on the solar wind. The resulting water is even free of viruses, bacteria and spores from cryptosporidium or giardia. Its single-stalked fruit body is much like the surface of a mushroom gill, rich with spores. It is in the deeper recesses of the lung where the Anthrax spores develop into full-blown Pulmonary Anthrax. Concepts like century roses, starlines, cusps, Myiepan spores, among others which become clear by the end of the novel. This is rarer and is usually caused by weeds such as nettles and docks, late flowering plants and fungal spores. This orange gelatinous material, which contains thousands of spores, oozes out of chocolate-colored galls present on affected branches. Used compost, clinging to pots and trays, can harbour all manner of soil-borne pathogens, including the fungal spores that cause damping off. The spores germinate in a film of water and penetrate into the plant tissue. Infant botulism occurs when ingested spores germinate and colonize the infant's gastrointestinal tract. Because molds and fungi propagate by means of airborne spores, they can cause respiratory problems. In contrast, the interval between c.916m and 885.9Om is totally dominated by gymnospermous saccate pollen, with very few fern spores. It is a bacterial product containing both endotoxins and spores which are active on a variety of insects. Show More Sentences We found that the rate of chromosome I disomy among vik1 spores was indistinguishable from that observed in wild-type strains. Because the disease cannot be passed from person to person, infecting large populations would require dispersing spores over a wide area. Following sporulation and tetrad dissection, we determined the genotypes of the resulting haploid spores. The heating ducts may have held fungal spores propagated by bats living in a chimney. It occurs most frequently as an epizootic or enzootic disease of herbivores that acquire spores from direct contact with contaminated soil. A sponge filters out microscopic food by drawing water through tiny spores in its body wall and then expelling it through its top opening. Anthrax spores have been known to persist dormant in the soil for up to 80 years. Bacteria and archaea often clone themselves, trade genes, and in some cases the microbes even merge together into a giant mass of DNA that then gives rise to spores. It reproduces prolifically and produces spores at all stages of its life. It is also possible to use blue vitriol while processing grain crops in storage and pickling seeds before sowing in order to eliminate fungi spores. In this case, the first postmeiotic cells deriving from the spores have been separated to yield octads composed of four pairs of colonies deriving from a single meiosis. Most importantly, monokaryotic hyphae can produce basidia and spores that are indistinguishable from sexually produced spores, except that they are all the same mating type. When cooked rice is left in less than ideal conditions for four or five hours or overnight, spores are released and the bacteria multiply dangerously. These bacteria exist either as spores or as vegetative cells. The Pteridopsida were present, bearing spores on their leaves as they do today, but there were also fernlike seed-bearing ferns, the pteridosperms. It is heat-sensitive and dies as it dries, so is a much less attractive weapon than anthrax spores, which are many thousands of times more resistant. The mushroom, or toadstool, that we see above ground is the fruiting body that produces spores for further reproduction and is only a part of the fungus. Nonetheless, in 1973 China embargoed U.S. wheat shipments from the Pacific Northwest and enacted a zero-tolerance policy on TCK spores in American grain exports. In a similar way, following the discovery of anthrax spores in US mail, everything from talcum powder to icing sugar to sand became the focus for an international panic. The greenish fluorescence seen under the light is due to an ectothrix infection of hairs, in which fungal spores form a sheath on the outside of the hair. Show More Sentences Each sporangiophore bears several sporangia, in which spores develop. However, to a low extent, viable spores can also be recovered from a very small population of homozygous diploid nuclei in an otherwise haploid plasmodium. The scientists' next step, for most pathogens, is to collect the spores. The spores are white, and are cylindrical to allantoid in shape. Care must be taken to avoid the fungal disease eutypa dieback, of which spores may be transferred on pruners, infecting the pruning wounds following large cuts. Two spores are produced from one pansporoblast at the end of sporogenesis. For dry storage, spores were placed in hermetic glass vials. It works by damaging the cell walls of the spores and while many other preparations are preventative, sodium bicarbonate will work as a contact fungicide. In at least two, widely divergent systems, electron-dense extracellular tubules have been observed surrounding developing spores during sporogony. A further complication has been the studies by palynologists, scientists who study spores and pollen, who use yet another system for naming the fossil species. This is useful for detecting candidal hyphae, mycelial tangles and spores. Fungi disperse themselves by releasing spores, usually windblown. No mutants had significant numbers of asci with more than four spores. Unlike phanerogams, which undergo long-range dispersal by seeds or spores, lichens have two fundamentally different mechanisms of long-range dispersal. Two postal workers here had just died, apparently from inhaling anthrax spores, and my US friends told me that the fear was palpable throughout the city. Ultrafiltration membranes remove more than 99 percent of bacteria, molds, and spores from drinking water, and can be used at home. Once the fronds have given off their spores, they die and can be cut back. We spread unpurified spores from the diploid onto a YPD plate containing cycloheximide and determined the fate of the cells after 12 hr of incubation. In sufficient quantities its spores can be lethal to humans. To begin with, a more disease-resistant crop, interplanted with a less resistant crop, can act as a physical barrier to the spread of disease spores. Show More Sentences The spores of this fungus infect fresh wounds and cuts in the autumn and winter months and for this reason, plums are best pruned in late spring or early summer. Strictly speaking it is hardy, but the easiest way to prevent it getting peach leaf curl is to stop rain falling on it and splashing the fungal spores onto the leaves. As a result of the small size of the spores, anthrax is virtually impossible to see, smell, or taste. Commonly, however, aerobiology is about pollen and spores in the air. Might Stevens have encountered spores of bacillus anthracis during a recent hike through woods in North Carolina? They are quite unlike the radiating ribs of ordinary mushrooms, but serve the same function, i.e. they constitute the gills on which the spores are carried. Pieced together, they represent Wattieza, a tree that looked like modern-day palm with a crown of fronds that grew up to 30 feet high and reproduced through spores. Eventually, the dikaryon forms sexual sporangia in which the nuclei fuse into one, which then undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores, and the cycle is repeated. These features also occur in spores of bryophytes and some pteridophytes. It literally releases them like spores and bursts as it gets unburdened. Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis, to which man is relatively resistant, but one deep breath of weaponised aerosol may contain as many as 10 spores. The other is a quillwort, or Isoetes, which reproduces through male and female spores and thus is considered more closely related to ferns than to flowering plants. Algae spread mainly by the dispersal of spores analogously to the dispersal of Plantae by seeds and spores. The spores of freshwater algae are dispersed mainly by running water and wind, as well as by living carriers. The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes. Fungal spores, introduced into wounds in the tree caused by the beetles, invade the xylem or vascular system. Rectangular patches of bark become detached exposing thick layers of black fungal spores. This ejection ensures exit of the spores from the reproductive structures as well as traveling through the air over long distances. Another strategy is seen in the stinkhorns, a group of fungi with lively colors and putrid odor that attract insects to disperse their spores. Fungal spores are also a cause of allergies, and fungi from different taxonomic groups can evoke allergic reactions. Show More Sentences Many lichen fungi reproduce sexually like other fungi, producing spores formed by meiosis and fusion of gametes. Following dispersal, such fungal spores must meet with a compatible algal partner before a functional lichen can form. Ediacaran acritarchs also have many similarities with Glomeromycotan vesicles and spores. Cutaneous anthrax is also called woolsorter's disease, as the spores can be transmitted in unwashed wool. The number of refractile, ovoid spores was determined by phase-contrast microscopy using a hemocytometer. The spores are contained in structures found on the underside of the leaf called sori. Special filters have even been used on some British water supplies to filter out the bracken spores. Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. Flies attracted to the moss carry its spores to fresh herbivore dung, which is the favoured habitat of the species of this genus. In some species, dwarfness is genetically determined, in that all male spores become dwarf. A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The spores are rich in lipids, protein and calories, so some vertebrates eat these. However, these plants have fully developed seeds contained in fruits, rather than the microscopic spores of ferns. Even in other bryophytes, the sporophyte is persistent and disperses spores over an extended period. The spores germinate to produce minute protonemae, which start as filaments, can become thalloid, and can produce a few rhizoids. As with many other mosses, Sphagnum species disperse spores through the wind. As the spherical spore capsule dries, the operculum is forced off, followed by a cloud of spores. There is a clear relationship between tracheophytes and trilete spores, but not with cryptospores. Evaluating the penetration of Cladosporium spores into the human respiratory system on the basis of aerobiological sampling results. Allergy UK says that avoiding hay fever is diffi-cult for sufferers because pollen spores are windborne and can travel for miles. Show More Sentences Stem rust, which spreads via windborne spores, can quickly turn a healthy crop into a decrepit mess of broken stems and shriveled grains. East Anglia is the worst-affected area of the UK, where it is feared wind-borne spores could have been blown across the sea from mainland Europe. Therefore, light irradiation on her1 spores was possibly inhibiting the negative gravitropism of her1 gametophytes. A sporophyll frond is a fertile leaf that produces spores borne in sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on sialoadenitis of nonobese diabetic mice. The earliest microfossil record is an admixture of redeposited Paleozoic spores and pollen from distant deglaciated sites. The writer therefore made observations to determine the conditions under which the aecia open and discharge spores most readily. All of us inhale a few dozen spores every day and are no worse for wear. This type of cold microfiltration could also minimize any microbial fouling of the membrane and prevent the germination of thermophilic spores. The stalk supports a round structure called a sorus, and the sorus contains spores. Airborne pollen of entomophilous plants and spores of pteridophytes in Rzeszow and its environs. The spores are oval and sub-terminal and usually swell to occupy the sporangium. Now they know that the tomato surface may harbor invisible fungal spores that sense the production of a gas called ethylene as the fruit ripens. Morphological alterations in diatoms and chrysophyte spores were recorded and analyzed. Moreover, auxiliary vesicles in the roots of Eupatorium urticaefolium and the spores of Panicum maximum were observed. We know that exposures are not just to intact spores but also to hyphal and spore fragments which contain antigen or allergen. To overcome these problems, an efficient method for sterilizing and sowing spores was established. Mr Norris, of Stobs, near Hawick, in the Scottish Borders, died after becoming infected with anthrax spores from African drums. To improve the control of botulinum neurotoxin-forming clostridia, it is imperative to comprehend the mechanisms by which these spores germinate. However, once the spores are wet and have swollen starch appears before the triradiate ridge has cracked open. Show More Sentences The sample yielded predominantly round and triangular spores with triradiate marks and the algal cysts Tasmanites. Histological examination of the tissue biopsies showed multiple fungal spores, with thick capsules, in the submucosa. It is probable that hyphal elements are more susceptible to environmental stress than the spores. This was unexpected since the spores would have to germinate on a component of the oil in order to produce a vegetative cell culture. Oxidizing agents, such as peroxides, can destroy cells, including bacterial spores, but they work slowly. As pollen and spores survive best in acidic and anoxic conditions, soils receive less attention from palynologists. No spores could be harvested from the plant recently located as the sori were too old with all the sporangia dehisced. The building was sealed after anthrax spores were found, amid fears of germ warfare attacks. Mature spores have a dense exospore coat, a pale endospore, and single rows of 8-11 polar tubule coils. Mature spores have a two-layered wall, with both perispore and exospore, and their protoplast is fulfilled with lipid drops. This avant-garde contained the spores of what later would be termed abstractionism, surrealism, and imagism. When fungal spores are inhaled, they are deposited into the pulmonary alveoli. While orange penicillium has orange spores, it was actually originally named to honour Dutch royal the Prince of Orange. This clearly suggests that AM fungi perennate in the studied habitats through propagules other than spores. Like the spores of other bacteria, when compared to vegetative cells, akinetes are more resistant to environmental stresses. Coprophilous fungi are fungi that grow on animal dung and disperse spores in nearby vegetation, which the baby mammoth would then consume. These gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Their spores, called basidiospores, are produced on the gills and fall in a fine rain of powder from under the caps as a result. These nutrients soaked into the spores and jump-started the bacteria's life processes. Often, a second layer of tissue, the partial veil, covers the bladelike gills that bear spores. Show More Sentences The most important microscopic feature for identification of mushrooms is the spores. Both mountants can be placed on the same slide, with spores placed in each. These spores develop on separate male and female sporophylls on separate male and female cones. Sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis, that grow into gametophytes. Fossil spores from land plants have been identified in uppermost Ordovician sediments. In the Henneguya case, the spores enter a second host, most likely an invertebrate, in the spawning stream. Resting spores may also be formed as a response to unfavourable environmental conditions with germination occurring when conditions improve. Fossils of isolated land plant spores suggest land plants may have been around as long as 475 million years ago. Saprophytic fungi as spores and perithecia within cuticular envelopes and epiphyllous fungi are also present. She says that 75 percent of the 46 algal species she has collected from the debris have been reproductively active, dropping spores. However, when researchers stripped the rodlets from the outside of the cells, the exposed spores invoked a robust immune response. Clean up any leaves from the ground and place in the rubbish bin so no black spot spores are passed on to next year. She also exposed the spores to benomyl, a chemical registered for use on soybeans to control fungus diseases. This bombardment will effectively kill the spores and eliminate the biohazard threat. Infection from anthrax spores can be very deadly and used before as a bioweapon. Microfossils found in rocks deposited during Earth's largest mass extinction may be the spores of very hardy fungi, a new study hints. A trophophyll frond is a vegetative leaf analogous to the typical green leaves of seed plants that does not produce spores, instead only producing sugars by photosynthesis. Use of calcium, potassium, and sodium lactates to control germination and outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens spores during chilling of injected pork. By using a camera that captures 250,000 frames per second, the researchers were able to watch how the fungus shoots out its spores like a miniature squirt gun. Mosses reproduce using spores, not seeds, and have no flowers. Show More Sentences Their hankering for such items makes Banana Slugs play an important role in maintaining a healthy forest food web, through their spreading of seeds and spores. An accidental leak of anthrax spores from a biological warfare laboratory in the former USSR in 1979 near Sverdlovsk is believed to have caused at least 64 deaths. If the spores germinate, the sterilizer is functioning improperty. Classification based on morphological characteristics, such as the size and shape of spores or fruiting structures, has traditionally dominated fungal taxonomy. Each basidiocarp will release up to 90 million new fungal spores. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. The corn borers are in the cornstalks in your vegetable garden along with the squash bugs, cucumber beetles, carrot flies, spores of mildew and numerous other fungi. Use of enzymes to degrade the ungerminated sporangiospore cell walls, or of the cell walls of germ tubes from germinating spores, appeared to be one of the methods of choice. The mycelia appeared multinucleated and non-septate, sporangiophore erect, sporangia globose, shiny white at first then later turning black as spores matured. Such dry conditions favored gymnosperms, plants with seeds enclosed in a protective cover, over plants such as ferns that disperse spores in a wetter environment. This sinking is induced by either a loss of buoyancy control, the synthesis of mucilage that sticks diatoms cells together, or the production of heavy resting spores. Inside the sporangium, haploid spores are produced by meiosis. Usually the spores provide the best characters for distinguishing species within Isoetes, but these can vary in size because of polyploidy and hybridization. In the Filicales the leptosporangium has a specialized spore dispersal mechanism involving an annulus of cells with thick walls that ejects spores explosively as it dries out. The fructification of the spores is effected by the turbid fluid which proceeds from the apertures of the anthoid organs, and flows over the surface of the fronds. The most intriguing find, collected by Ellifritz, belongs in the general group of polypores, wood-loving fungi that bear spores in little tubes on their undersides. Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is caused by inhalation of spores of the fungus Coccidioides, which grows in soil in semiarid areas. Distinguishing features among the studied species are size of the spores, germination time, time of formation of the gametangia, and thallus margin shape. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protists that form spores. The quantities of pollen and spores of all the species mentioned approach very high values and there are also high contents of spores of coprophilic fungi. Show More Sentences Since biowarfare experts should know that anthrax spores remain virulent for several decades, more emphasis needs to be put on decontaminating areas exposed to anthrax. The materials from five Japanese populations had 36 chromosomes in the meiotic cells, and 64 spores per sporangium, which suggested that these species are sexual diploids. An increase in pollen and spores from wetland plants such as cattails, sphagnum, sedge and quillwort suggests that there was more moisture available at the bog site. The remainder of the mosses, with the exception of Oedipodium, has peristomes, elaborate structures of the capsule involved in controlled release of the spores. Mr Norris, 50, of Stobs, near Hawick, in the Scottish Borders, died in hospital in Edinburgh in July 2006 after becoming infected with anthrax spores from African drums. Analysis of airborne actinomycete spores with fluorogenic substrates. My hobby is gathering the spores of some of the most delicious of the wild varieties of mushrooms, such as morels, giant puffballs and woods oysters, then cultivating them. We also considered the possibility that nutrients in the topsoil allowed for the germination of spores, followed by population growth and then subsequent resporulation. However, in 2010, five different types of fossilized liverwort spores were found in Argentina, dating to the much earlier Middle Ordovician, around 470 million years ago. In contrast, a leading commercially available disinfectant, Lysol, did not eliminate Black Mold spores and was not sporicidal even after hours of contact. Examples from Classical Literature At this stage many of the spores assume each a flagellate cilium, and so acquire power of more rapid locomotion. The cyst in which they lie is filled with creamy substance made up of spores and granule matter. The spores are of two kinds, as in selaginella, but the macrosporangia contain numerous macrospores. Every egg cell has some, and every egg that grows to maturity is infected with the plant spores. The spores are ovoid, and apparently covered with anastomosing raised lines. The microscope shows that the gleba is composed of a great number of spores mixed with simple or branched threads. This family is divided into five series, according to the color of their spores. It is readily distinguished from didymium minus by the much larger and more distinctly warted spores. The spores in Sporidesmium appear to consist of irregular masses of cells, agglomerated into a kind of compound spore. The spores are more or less globose, and rough or echinulate, at least in many species. The spores in this species are exceedingly minute, oblong, and not contained in asci. The term sporidia he limits to spores produced or enclosed in an ascus, as in the ascomycete. The colors vary from smoky to fuliginous, olive and yellow, and the spores are ferruginous. In aspergillus, the threads are simple and erect, with a globose head, around which are clustered chains of simple spores. The apothecia are stalked and black, but of a lighter colour than the mass of spores forming the nucleus. Steam applied in an autoclave under a pressure of two atmospheres destroys even the most resistant spores in a few minutes. In Cortinarius, the veil is composed of arachnoid threads, and the spores are rusty. They are characterized by their principal spores being produced externally, usually in fours, upon an organ called a basidium. Hymenomycetes, the subdivision of the basidiomycetes in which the fruiting surface is exposed before the spores are ripe. Invert a finger bowl or a bell glass over the cap to keep the air from blowing the spores away. Show More Sentences The asci are developed in the large dense fruit bodies and the spores escape by the decay of the wall. For the spores of clostridium tetani, the culture should be three days old, but may be as old as a week. The spores of Ferns, ascospores, and some conidia are also liberated explosively. He also made some remarkable experiments on the permanence of the contagium in the form of spores. This irritation induces abnormal proliferation of epithelium, upon which the spores of the cryptogam then germinate. If the culture is too old the spores will all be free outside the rods, while if too young they will decolorize with the acid. This genus can be readily recognized from the black spores and from the deliquescence of the gills and cap into an inky substance. Yet a centrosome appears later in the nucleus of the swarm spores and migrates into the cytoplasm. The spores of didymium crustaceum were sown upon a heap of leaves in autumn. For this purpose he selected the septate resting spores from Poa pratensis and Triticum repens. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with spores What is the adjective for spores? What is the noun for spores? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words spore sporangium sporangiospores sporangiospore sporangiophore sporangial sporicidal sporidia spork sporks sporocarp sporocyst 6-letter Words Starting With s sp spo spor spore