These early Caribbean planters were among the first Europeans in the New World to erect such a comprehensive slave code. |
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In this harrowing description of the Middle Passage, Olaudah Equiano described the terror of the transatlantic slave trade. |
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This first Georgia slave code, which was not as detailed as the codes of the older slave colonies, was quickly determined to be too lenient. |
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Every slave state had its own slave code and body of court decisions. These codes made slavery permanent in these states. |
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The new Jamaican slave code, passed in December, 1826, was disallowed primarily on the ground that it obstructed mission work. |
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The slave code adopted in 1798 and modified from time to time presented in considerable detail the legal aspects of slavery in the state. |
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The drafters of the 1712 slave code pursued such goals when writing the preamble of the first comprehensive slave code enacted in South Carolina. |
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Following the disallowance by the proprietors, a new slave code, again based on Barbadian principles, was enacted in 1696. |
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The primary source of regulations was the slave code decreed by Spanish governor Don Miguel de la Torre on 12 August 1826. |
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The Barbados slave code was established on the island of Barbados, a British colony, in 1661. It was the first official law regarding slave status. |
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It was not until 1837, however, that the state's first legislature passed a comprehensive slave code to regulate slaves, slavery, and free blacks. |
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They were confined to cargo holds with each slave chained with little room to move. |
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The Slave Trade Act 1788 regulated conditions on board British slave ships for the first time. |
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In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the sailors on slave ships were often badly paid and subject to brutal discipline. |
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The applicable UK act was the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act and outlawed the slave trade throughout the British Empire. |
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In addition to agriculture, slave labor was increasingly used in mining, shipbuilding and other industries. |
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In 1815, at the Council of Vienna, Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands also agreed to abolish their slave trade. |
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Despite the exploits of Lok and Towerson, John Hawkins of Plymouth is widely acknowledged to be an early pioneer of the English slave trade. |
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One was military attacks on African towns and villages, the other was attacking Portuguese slave ships. |
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As a slave he was required to do his master's bidding without question. |
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The Creole affair is important because, from the slaves' standpoint, the Creole affair was the most successful slave revolt in American history. |
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The same was the case for married women, who liaised with soldiers, civilians, or slave labourers. |
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As part of BDSM play they can enhance the domineering tread of a mistress or hobble the steps of a slave. |
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The Shepherd Clock outside the observatory gate is an early example of an electric slave clock. |
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By 1672 a slave depot existed on the island of Nevis, serving the Leeward Islands. |
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The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. |
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The people of Montserrat celebrate St Patrick's Day as a public holiday due to the slave revolt. |
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In 1807, Britain prohibited the slave trade and, in 1833, abolished slavery in its colonies. |
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British ships sometimes intercepted slave traders in the Caribbean, and some ships were wrecked off the coast of these islands. |
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In 1841, the Trouvadore, an illegal Spanish slave ship, was wrecked off the coast of East Caicos. |
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The position that Burns accepted was as a bookkeeper on a slave plantation. |
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He also resisted the vulgar racist stereotypes of the day and wrote about the slave trade with an antiracializing rhetoric. |
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Biographer William Hague considers the unfinished abolition of the slave trade to be Pitt's greatest failure. |
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Within a household or workplace, a hierarchy of slaves might exist, with one slave in effect acting as the master of other slaves. |
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The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies, not slavery itself. |
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In practice, there was little division of labour between slave and free, and most workers were illiterate and without special skills. |
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Young children were attended by a pedagogus, or less frequently a female pedagoga, usually a Greek slave or former slave. |
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The emperor Julian recalled his pedagogue Mardonius, a eunuch slave who reared him from the age of 7 to 15, with affection and gratitude. |
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Some of the colonies developed legalized systems of slavery, centered largely around the Atlantic slave trade. |
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New York City attracted a large polyglot population, including a large black slave population. |
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The original settlers in South Carolina established a lucrative trade in food for the slave plantations in the Caribbean. |
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In 1804, Haiti, the second republic in the western hemisphere, proclaimed its independence, achieved by slave leaders. |
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By 1840 New Orleans had the biggest slave market in the United States, which contributed greatly to the economy. |
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The ban on the African slave trade and importation of slaves had increased demand in the domestic market. |
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Would the name Marcus Aurelius have meant anything to him? In all probability, he would have thought it a fancy name for a black slave. |
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Bristol's economy has been built on maritime trade, including the import of tobacco and the slave trade. |
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Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also involved in the Atlantic slave trade. |
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In 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. |
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From 1808 the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron, tasked with stopping the slave trade, operated out of Portsmouth. |
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Their father taught the boys how to swim and ride, although he sometimes hired a slave to teach them instead. |
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If the explorer could make Kamalia he might be able to hook up with a slave coffle heading for the coast. |
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I write this beautiful fuckin' letter, I slave over it, and what happens? The dumb cooze never writes back. |
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After the ending of the Atlantic slave trade, the population increased naturally. |
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Rome used crucifixions as a deterrent, and standard for the 'vilest' crimes, such as slave rebellion. |
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Several texts tell us, however, that when the owner was a minor, there is a remedy against the dolose slave. |
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Later in his ministry, Wesley was a keen abolitionist, speaking out and writing against the slave trade. |
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White Baptist associations maintained some oversight of these and, after a slave rebellion, required a white man to be at church services. |
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The word stockade also refers to a military prison in an army camp, and in some cases, even a crude prison camp or a slave camp. |
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Don Torrey gives the picture originally of a shaggy-headed footballish fellow making a slave of the old piano. |
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Black African slave labor from Portugal's West African possessions was imported to do the grueling agricultural work. |
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The islands appear to have been raided frequently by Barbary pirates to enslave residents to support the Barbary slave trade. |
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In 1792, he won the Browne Gold Medal for an ode that he wrote on the slave trade. |
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We may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity. |
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Not all of Genoa's merchandise was so innocuous, however, as medieval Genoa became a major player in the slave trade. |
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Honfleur and Le Havre were two of the principal slave trade ports of France. |
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The Slavery Commission sought to eradicate slavery and slave trading across the world, and fought forced prostitution. |
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During this time the Germans constructed many fortifications using Soviet slave labour. |
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Britain had by this time banned the slave trade and was seeking to induce other countries to do likewise. |
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By the 1830s piracy had died out again, and the navies of the region focused on the slave trade. |
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The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 15th through the 19th centuries. |
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The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade in the 16th century. |
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In 1526, the Portuguese completed the first transatlantic slave voyage from Africa to the Americas, and other countries soon followed. |
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Between 1600 and 1800, approximately 300,000 sailors engaged in the slave trade visited West Africa. |
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Slavery was practiced in some parts of Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas for many centuries before the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade. |
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The Atlantic slave trade was not the only slave trade from Africa, although it was the largest in volume and intensity. |
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The Atlantic slave trade is customarily divided into two eras, known as the First and Second Atlantic Systems. |
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Some Dutch, English, and French traders also participated in the slave trade. |
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After the union, Portugal came under Spanish legislation that prohibited it from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier. |
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Sir John Hawkins, considered the pioneer of the British slave trade, was the first to run the Triangular trade, making a profit at every stop. |
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Native peoples were at first utilized as slave labour by Europeans until a large number died from overwork and Old World diseases. |
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Africans played a direct role in the slave trade, selling their captives or prisoners of war to European buyers. |
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King Jaja of Opobo, a former slave, refused to do business with the slavers completely. |
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Since most of these nations did not have a prison system, convicts were often sold or used in the scattered local domestic slave market. |
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The Atlantic slave trade peaked in the last two decades of the 18th century, during and following the Kongo Civil War. |
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The number of enslaved people sold to the New World varied throughout the slave trade. |
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The different ethnic groups brought to the Americas closely corresponds to the regions of heaviest activity in the slave trade. |
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Of the 45, the ten most prominent, according to slave documentation of the era are listed below. |
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The transatlantic slave trade resulted in a vast and as yet still unknown loss of life for African captives both in and outside America. |
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We know the slave by his servile character and the master by his herile character. |
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Besides the slaves who died on the Middle Passage, more Africans likely died during the slave raids in Africa and forced marches to ports. |
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Crimes traditionally punishable by some other form of punishment became punishable by enslavement and sale to slave traders. |
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Mrs Monteith was able to tell her son about their high-born slave ancestor because he had left a memoir. |
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From 1751 to 1758, Makandal, a one-armed former slave and houngan, staged a rebellion that claimed some six thousand lives. |
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As one of West Africa's principal slave states, Dahomey became extremely unpopular with neighbouring peoples. |
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Like the Bambara Empire to the east, the Khasso kingdoms depended heavily on the slave trade for their economy. |
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The slave traders would try to fit anywhere from 350 to 600 slaves on one ship. |
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Despite the vast profits of slavery, the ordinary sailors on slave ships were badly paid and subject to harsh discipline. |
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As Britain rose in naval power and settled continental North America and some islands of the West Indies, they became the leading slave traders. |
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By the late 17th century, one out of every four ships that left Liverpool harbour was a slave trading ship. |
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El Salvador, Costa Rica and Florida began their stints in the slave trade in 1541, 1563 and 1581, respectively. |
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Accept an obligation without being a slave to the giver, or insensible to his kindness. |
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Proponents of the slave trade, such as Archibald Dalzel, argued that African societies were robust and not much affected by the trade. |
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Between 1807 and 1865, it maintained a Blockade of Africa to counter the illegal slave trade. |
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The slave trade was, therefore, a means for some African elite to gain economic advantages. |
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In Britain, America, Portugal and in parts of Europe, opposition developed against the slave trade. |
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The demographic effects of the slave trade is a controversial and highly debated issue. |
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The King sought out the farmer who had been branded and sold as a slave... and put him in the way of a comfortable livelihood. |
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William Wilberforce was a driving force in the British Parliament in the fight against the slave trade in the British Empire. |
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On 22 February 1807, the House of Commons passed a motion 283 votes to 16 to abolish the Atlantic slave trade. |
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In 1809 President James Madison outlawed the slave trade with the United States. |
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As of 2009, efforts are underway to create a UN Slavery Memorial as a permanent remembrance of the victims of the Atlantic slave trade. |
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President Jerry Rawlings of Ghana also apologized for his country's involvement in the slave trade. |
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On 9 December 1999, Liverpool City Council passed a formal motion apologizing for the City's part in the slave trade. |
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It was unanimously agreed that Liverpool acknowledges its responsibility for its involvement in three centuries of the slave trade. |
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Jamestown is also recognized as one of the first slave ports of the American colonies. |
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For example, the slave ship Henrietta Marie carried about 200 slaves on the long Middle Passage. |
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After the war started, slave labourers were extensively used. |
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It was gold seized from Amerindians, or extracted with slave labour, which helped to fund the entradas organized locally after 1508, rather than gold from Spain. |
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He was a scholarship boy who had won an Exhibition to Oxford, and then, like so many others, had found himself thrown upon the slave market of pedagogy. |
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During the 18th century, Britain was involved in the Atlantic slave trade. |
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Olaf Tryggvason persuaded the rebels to accept him as their king, and Jarl Haakon was murdered by his own slave, while he was hiding from the rebels in a pig sty. |
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For centuries slave and gold trade routes linking West Africa with the Mediterranean passed over the Western Sahara Desert, controlled by the Moors of North Africa. |
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At most, the accused might have to pay a fine for killing a slave. |
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At the age of 16 in 403 AD Saint Patrick was captured and enslaved by the Irish and was sent to Ireland to serve as a slave herding and tending sheep in Dalriada. |
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For instance, in the 18th century the influential Evangelical Anglican William Wilberforce, along with others, campaigned against the slave trade. |
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This sometimes caused a labour shortage for plantations and public works and so the colonists informally and gradually, at first, initiated the Atlantic slave trade. |
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James also headed the Royal African Company, a slave trading company. |
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Many slaves died of disease in the crowded holds of the slave ships. |
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Added to this was the cost of suppressing regular slave rebellions. |
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With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. |
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Slaves were driven by traders overland from the Upper South or transported to New Orleans and other coastal markets by ship in the coastwise slave trade. |
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Only in the Roman Empire, when the conquests stopped and the prices of slaves increased, did hired labor become more economical than slave ownership. |
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It gradually penetrated through the remnants of Roman Britain and is especially associated with the activities of Patrick, a Briton who had been a slave in Ireland. |
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In 595 Gregory wrote to one of the papal estate managers in southern Gaul, asking that he buy English slave boys in order that they might be educated in monasteries. |
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The survivors were shipped as slave labour to North America. |
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Anselm also obtained a resolution against the British slave trade. |
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Gold from Sumatra is thought to have reached as far west as Rome, while a slave from the Sulu Sea was believed to have been used in Magellan's voyage as a translator. |
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Another charge cited two attacks, one of which was the capture of a slave ship off Charles Town Bar, from which one of Howard's slaves was presumed to have come. |
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There were slave markets where they could be bought and sold. |
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On the other hand, slave labor slogged on continuously, for long hours and all seven days, and ensuring comforts and creating wealth for their masters. |
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Some of the most popular plays of the early Republic were comedies, especially those of Terence, a freed Roman slave captured during the First Punic War. |
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The city once laid claim to the largest fleet of slave ships in the history of the trade as its merchants overtook Bristol and London in dominating the Middle Passage. |
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The following figures do not include deaths of enslaved Africans as a result of their labour, slave revolts, or diseases suffered while living among New World populations. |
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This includes not only those who died in battles but also those who died as a result of forced marches from inland areas to slave ports on the various coasts. |
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Afonso believed that the slave trade should be subject to Kongo law. |
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He found that mortality rates decreased over the history of the slave trade, primarily because the length of time necessary for the voyage was declining. |
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The slave trade was hated by many sailors and those who joined the crews of slave ships often did so through coercion or because they could find no other employment. |
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Joseph Inikori provided a new line of argument, estimating counterfactual demographic developments in case the Atlantic slave trade had not existed. |
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The Kingdom of Benin, for instance, participated in the African slave trade, at will, from 1715 to 1735, surprising Dutch traders, who had not expected to buy slaves in Benin. |
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The Royal Navy moved to stop other nations from continuing the slave trade and declared that slaving was equal to piracy and was punishable by death. |
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Between 1807 and 1860, the Royal Navy's Squadron seized approximately 1,600 ships involved in the slave trade and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard these vessels. |
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The shock of this revolution in 1804, certainly introduces an essential political argument into the end of the slave trade, which happened only three years later. |
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After that date all US and British slave ships leaving Africa were legally pirate vessels subject to capture by the United States Navy or Royal Navy. |
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After abolition, slave ships adopted quicker, more maneuverable forms to evade capture by naval warships, one favorite form being the Baltimore Clipper. |
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In 1921 Played a pivotal role in ending the activities of the Peruvian Amazon Company, which was using indigenous slave labour in rubber production. |
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Under free trade the trader is the master and the producer the slave. |
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In this era, the Royal Navy provided services around the world that benefited other nations, such as the suppression of piracy and blocking the slave trade. |
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The Crimean Khanate continued to invade Eastern Europe in a series of slave raids, and remained a significant power in Eastern Europe until the end of the 17th century. |
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In 1766, upon returning to Britain, Hume encouraged Lord Hertford to invest in a number of slave plantations, acquired by George Colebrooke and others in the Windward Islands. |
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By the time of Nero, however, it was not unusual to find a former slave who was richer than a freeborn citizen, or an equestrian who exercised greater power than a senator. |
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A bill of sale might contain a clause stipulating that the slave could not be employed for prostitution, as prostitutes in ancient Rome were often slaves. |
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