Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx are part of the separate Goidelic branch of Insular Celtic. |
|
This Scottish wunderkind's bass-heavy 'aquacrunk' is the perfect beat for Glasgow's busy party scene. |
|
There should be some kind of law against this. They play Scottish bagpipes, Breton binioux and drums. |
|
The Jacobites believed that parliamentary interference with the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was illegal. |
|
Since Henry's death, none of the Jacobite heirs have claimed the English or Scottish thrones. |
|
The Americans closely followed English and Scottish political ideas, as well as some French thinkers such as Montesquieu. |
|
Union with England in 1707 meant the end of the Scottish Parliament and independence. |
|
Scottish law, however, was entirely separate from English law, so the civil law courts, lawyers and jurists remained behind in Edinburgh. |
|
By the 18th century, access to Scottish universities was probably more open than in contemporary England, Germany or France. |
|
One of the central pillars of the Scottish Enlightenment was scientific and medical knowledge. |
|
The Scottish Enlightenment had numerous dimensions, influencing the culture of the nation in several areas including architecture, art and music. |
|
In May 1762, the incumbent Whig government of the Duke of Newcastle was replaced with one led by the Scottish Tory Lord Bute. |
|
There is evidence that people in Scotland are increasingly likely to describe themselves as Scottish, and less likely to say they are British. |
|
For naturalisation purposes, a competence standard of English, Scottish Gaelic or Welsh is required to pass the life in the United Kingdom test. |
|
However, English is used routinely, and although considered culturally important, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh are much less used. |
|
The overwhelming part is written in the English language, but there are also pieces of literature written in Scots, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh. |
|
In Scotland there are 78 full and associate clubs and nearly 6,000 registered clubs under the jurisdiction of the Scottish Football Association. |
|
Georgian and Neoclassical architecture advanced after the Scottish Enlightenment. |
|
Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland. |
|
Today, Scotland has a population of just over five million people, the majority of whom consider themselves Scottish. |
|
|
Many Caledonian societies were formed, well over 100 by the early twentieth century, who helped maintain Scottish culture and traditions. |
|
The Games were sports meets that brought together Scottish settlers and the wider New Zealand public. |
|
In so doing, the Games gave Scots a path to cultural integration as Scottish New Zealanders. |
|
The first Scots to be mentioned in Russia's history were the Scottish soldiers in Muscovy referred to as early as in the 14th century. |
|
As well as Scottish traders, there were also many Scottish soldiers in Poland. |
|
It was constructed for the Scottish expatriate community in Rome, especially for those intended for priesthood. |
|
In 1615, Pope Paul V gave the hospice and the nearby Scottish Seminar to the Jesuits. |
|
Gurro in Italy is said to be populated by the descendants of Scottish soldiers. |
|
Many of the residents claim that their surnames are Italian translations of Scottish surnames. |
|
Historically, Scottish people have spoken many different languages and dialects. |
|
There are some other minority languages of the Scottish people, such as Spanish, used by the population of Scots in Argentina. |
|
Scottish English, a Scottish variation of southern English English, began to replace the Scots language. |
|
Today most Scottish people speak Scottish English, which has some distinctive vocabulary and may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots. |
|
Since 1424, this language, known to its speakers as Inglis, was used by the Scottish Parliament in its statutes. |
|
In modern times the words Scot and Scottish are applied mainly to inhabitants of Scotland. |
|
Many Scottish people find the term Scotch to be offensive when applied to people. |
|
The Scottish Parliament nominates a Member to be appointed as First Minister by the Queen. |
|
The Scottish Parliament is the national, unicameral legislature of Scotland, located in the Holyrood area of the capital Edinburgh. |
|
The SNP governed as a minority administration at Holyrood following the 2007 Scottish Parliament election. |
|
Also in the wake of the referendum, Scottish Labour leader, Johann Lamont, stood down and Jim Murphy was elected to replace her. |
|
|
Murphy is not currently an MSP, the Labour group in the Scottish Parliament is led by their deputy leader in Scotland, Kezia Dugdale. |
|
The Scottish Green Party has 6 MSPs in the Scottish Parliament and a number of local councillors. |
|
Senior Labour shadow cabinet members, notably Ed Balls, Douglas Alexander, and Scottish Labour leader Jim Murphy, were defeated. |
|
They have had a mixed history on support for Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish devolution. |
|
In 1968, Edward Heath issued his 'Perth declaration', in support of a Scottish assembly, in the wake of growing nationalism. |
|
They campaigned alongside Labour and the Liberal Democrats against full Scottish Independence in the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum. |
|
The Party lost 40 of its 41 seats in Scotland in the face of record breaking swings to the Scottish National Party. |
|
The scale of the decline in Labour's support was much greater than what had occurred at the 2011 elections for the Scottish parliament. |
|
With the advent of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, the SNP became the second largest party, serving two terms as the opposition. |
|
In May 2011, the SNP won an overall majority in the Scottish Parliament with 69 seats. |
|
Scottish Westminster constituencies were first used in the 1708 general election. |
|
They also lost heavily in the Welsh assembly and Scottish Parliament, where several candidates lost their deposits. |
|
The party initially opposed federalism in the UK, criticising the establishment of the Welsh Assembly and Scottish Parliament. |
|
To campaign for the latter measure it has teamed up with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Plaid Cymru, and the Scottish National Party. |
|
In 1990, the Scottish and Northern Irish branches left the UK Greens to form separate parties. |
|
If Ireland is to have domestic legislation for Irish affairs they cannot come here for English or Scottish affairs. |
|
Dalyell was a vocal opponent of Scottish devolution in the 1979 and 1997 plebiscites. |
|
A devolved Scottish Parliament was created in 1999 after a clear majority voted in favour of devolution in the second referendum. |
|
The Scottish Parliament was formed by statute, the Scotland Act 1998, and is thus a creation of Westminster. |
|
The Scottish Parliament is not able to pass laws on these issues itself, as they were not devolved. |
|
|
The Scottish Parliament established, and later abolished a graduate endowment to replace the fees. |
|
The question then arose as to whether or not appeals could be taken from Scottish Courts. |
|
In 1708, the first Scottish appeal to the Lords arrived, and it was accepted by the House. |
|
Leave to appeal is not a feature of the Scottish legal system and appeals proceeded when two Advocates certified the appeal as suitable. |
|
By convention, at least two of the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary were Scottish and at least one from Northern Ireland. |
|
The northern part of Gloucestershire, near Chipping Campden, is as close to the Scottish border as it is to the tip of Cornwall. |
|
CrossCountry operates services to Manchester Piccadilly and the Scottish Lowlands. |
|
In Scottish matters, the Sovereign acts on the advice of the Scottish Government. |
|
The expansion of Scottish dominions continued over the next two centuries, as other territories such as Strathclyde were absorbed. |
|
Scottish leaders appealed to King Edward I of England for help in determining who was the rightful heir. |
|
The Parliament of England retaliated with the Alien Act 1705, threatening to devastate the Scottish economy by restricting trade. |
|
Scottish county councils also differed from those in England and Wales as they were required to divide their county into districts. |
|
Some hill sheep breeds, such as Scottish Blackface and the Lonk, thrive on the austere conditions of heather moors. |
|
This created some of the large caledonian igneous provinces throughout the Scottish Highlands. |
|
After the Bishops' Wars in Scotland, a treaty was signed at Ripon in 1640 to stop the conflict between Charles I and the Scottish Covenanters. |
|
Scottish and Northern Irish banks followed, with only the Royal Bank of Scotland continuing to issue this denomination. |
|
For example, merchants in England generally accept Scottish and Northern Irish bills, but some unfamiliar with them may reject them. |
|
Bank of England notes are generally accepted in the Falklands and Gibraltar, but for example Scottish and Northern Irish notes are not. |
|
Paterson personally accompanied the disastrous Scottish expedition to Panama in 1698, where his wife and child died and he became seriously ill. |
|
In 1923, the Midland Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway with headquarters in London. |
|
|
A large portrait by Lucinda Mackay is in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh. |
|
He subsequently left the Quakers, joined the Scottish Episcopal Church, and eventually married Syme's daughter, Agnes. |
|
In 2011 he was one of seven inaugural inductees to the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame. |
|
In 1781 Scottish engineer James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. |
|
In 1784, William Murdoch, a Scottish inventor, built a prototype steam road locomotive. |
|
Pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the 1820s, Macadam roads are prone to rutting and generating dust. |
|
In 1993 Scottish Citylink, Eurolines and East Midlands Airport were acquired. |
|
The establishment of an English parliament has also been backed by a number of Scottish and Welsh nationalists. |
|
However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. |
|
Gaelic culture continues to be a major component of Irish, Scottish and Manx culture. |
|
The question of ethnic identity is slightly more complex, but included below are those who identify with Irish or Scottish ethnicity. |
|
In 1315, a Scottish army landed in Ireland as part of Scotland's war against England. |
|
In the Scottish Highlands too, the Gaels were generally slow to accept the Scottish Reformation. |
|
Scottish Gaelic remained the dominant languages of the Highlands into the 19th century, but has since declined. |
|
As well as Scotland's own parades, many Scottish bands parade in Northern Ireland on or around 12 July. |
|
The Scottish Government Justice and Communities Directorates are responsible for devolved justice and home affairs policy. |
|
The Scottish Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. |
|
Scottish Statutory Instruments made by the Scottish Government are another source of legislation. |
|
The Scottish Education Department ran the system centrally, with local authorities running the schools with considerable autonomy. |
|
It is now a requirement of the Scottish Government that all pupils have two hours of physical education a week. |
|
|
The prisoners destroyed much of the cathedral woodwork for firewood but Prior Castell's Clock, which featured the Scottish thistle, was spared. |
|
In 1946 during work to install a new central heating system for the University, a mass grave of the Scottish soldiers was allegedly uncovered. |
|
The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. |
|
For example, the Scottish Early Years Framework and the Curriculum for Excellence define expected outcomes even at this age. |
|
Responsibility for the review of care standards in Scottish nurseries rests with the Care Commission. |
|
The English, and later, the Scottish, set up cathedrals, churches, and elite grammar schools for the upper class. |
|
In Scotland, the first degree studied is free and paid for by the Scottish government. |
|
The Scottish Government Economy and Education Directorates handle devolved economic and further and higher education policy respectively. |
|
The heir to the Scottish throne, later King James I of Scotland, was kidnapped while journeying to France in 1406 and held in the Tower. |
|
The absence of space at Windsor continued to prove problematic, with James' English and Scottish retinues often quarrelling over rooms. |
|
Though his novels celebrated Scottish identity and history, Scott was politically a firm Unionist. |
|
Scott probably did more than any other figure to define and popularise Scottish cultural identity in the nineteenth century. |
|
Pus-filled stitches pocked the sweaty manhair like stones jutting from a Scottish moor. |
|
He also appointed Scottish nobles such as George Home to his court, which proved unpopular with the Parliament of England. |
|
Even more discontent resulted when the King allowed his Scottish nobles to collect the recusancy fines. |
|
The French and German developments were further influential in Scottish, Russian, Spanish and Polish philosophy. |
|
Distinctively Scottish elements include Scottish style black pudding, Lorne sausage, and tattie scones. |
|
Another more historical Scottish breakfast is porridge and may occasionally be served as a starter. |
|
Black pudding, white pudding and Hog's pudding are fairly similar to their Scottish and European counterparts. |
|
This is normally eaten as part of a full Scottish Breakfast or on a Scottish morning roll. |
|
|
Potato scones are most commonly served fried in a full Scottish breakfast or an Ulster fry. |
|
At this time the origins of Scottish poetry began with the writing of The Kingis Quair by James I of Scotland. |
|
The main poets of this Scottish group were Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, and Gavin Douglas. |
|
A brave Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland. |
|
Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself. |
|
Early the next morning, Lennox, a Scottish nobleman, and Macduff, the loyal Thane of Fife, arrive. |
|
The invasion has the support of the Scottish nobles, who are appalled and frightened by Macbeth's tyrannical and murderous behaviour. |
|
In 1837, the Scottish poet and playwright Joanna Baillie reflected on her long acquaintance with Wordsworth. |
|
Astor's family owned Scottish estates in the area and a fellow Old Etonian Robin Fletcher had a property on the island. |
|
Rowling compared some Scottish Nationalists with the Death Eaters, characters from Harry Potter who are scornful of those without pure blood. |
|
In a 2012 radio interview, she said that she was a member of the Scottish Episcopal Church, a province of the Anglican Communion. |
|
Scottish coronations were traditionally held at Scone Abbey, with the king seated on the Stone of Destiny. |
|
Scottish folk guitarist Bert Jansch helped inspire Page, and from him he adapted open tunings and aggressive strokes into his playing. |
|
He presented Celtic with the trophy after they won the 2015 Scottish League Cup Final. |
|
The ceremony took place at the Ardersier Parish Church near Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. |
|
There is also some brief discussion of major figures who wrote in Scots, but the main discussion is in the various Scottish literature articles. |
|
Major Scottish writers from the 15th century include Henrysoun, Dunbar, Douglas and Lyndsay. |
|
The first match recorded by the Scottish Football Association took place in 1892 in Glasgow. |
|
For example, the English and Scottish leagues will often deduct 10 points from a team that enters financial administration. |
|
In the case of Scottish hill packs or the gun packs of Wales and upland areas of England, the fox is flushed to guns. |
|
|
Rugby union has a number of heartlands, notably South Wales, the Scottish Borders, the English West Country, London and the Midlands. |
|
Scotland's largest stadium, with a capacity of over 67,000, is Murrayfield in Edinburgh, home to the national team and the Scottish Rugby Union. |
|
The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. |
|
The Scottish Football Association operates a roll of honour for every player who has made more than 50 appearances for Scotland. |
|
The readmission of the Scottish Football Association to FIFA meant that Scotland were now eligible to enter the 1950 FIFA World Cup. |
|
Since 2005, the SFA have supported the use of Scottish Gaelic on the national team's strip in recognition of the language's revival in Scotland. |
|
The Scottish Football Museum operates a hall of fame which is open to players and managers involved in Scottish football. |
|
Sportscotland operates the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, which has inducted some footballers. |
|
Jim Leighton is second, having played 91 times, a Scottish record for appearances by a goalkeeper. |
|
Only English and Welsh players were selected for the men's squad, but two Scottish players were selected for the women's team. |
|
Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. |
|
The team dates back to 1904 when they played against a mixture of Welsh and Scottish players in Wigan. |
|
Switching heightened in the early 20th century with more Scottish and Welsh players leaving the RFU than ever before. |
|
The 2017 race was won by One For Arthur, only the second Scottish winner of the National. |
|
He reached the last 16 of the Scottish Open, before losing against Ken Doherty. |
|
The Scottish version of the First Union Flag saw limited use in Scotland from 1606 to 1707, following the Union of the Crowns. |
|
This is parallel to, but less widely practised, than the use of the flag of Scotland as distinct from the Union Flag in Scottish nationalism. |
|
There is reason to think that cloth flags of this design were employed during the 17th century for unofficial use on Scottish vessels at sea. |
|
The document is widely seen as an early example of both Scottish nationalism and popular sovereignty. |
|
The Danish government had maintained a strict monopoly of Greenlandic trade, allowing only small scale troaking with Scottish whalers. |
|
|
A Scottish home rule bill was presented to the Westminster Parliament in 1913 but the legislative process was interrupted by the First World War. |
|
This caused the resignation of John MacCormick from the SNP and he formed the Scottish Covenant Association. |
|
The Commission recommended the formation of a devolved Scottish assembly, but was not implemented. |
|
Any matter not explicitly listed in the Act is implicitly devolved to the Scottish Parliament. |
|
The Scottish Parliament was created by the Scotland Act 1998, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. |
|
The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 5 May 2016, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality. |
|
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. |
|
However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. |
|
Principally, the role of the Presiding Officer is to chair chamber proceedings and the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. |
|
The Presiding Officer also represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity. |
|
The minister is appointed by the First Minister and is a Junior Minister in the Scottish Government, who does not attend cabinet. |
|
The First Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers and Law officers sit in the front row, in the middle section of the chamber. |
|
Speakers are drawn from across Scotland and are chosen to represent the balance of religious beliefs according to the Scottish census. |
|
Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister. |
|
The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation. |
|
The Scotland Act 1998 enabled the Scottish Parliament to pass primary legislation on these issues. |
|
Another of the roles of the Parliament is to hold the Scottish Government to account. |
|
All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament. |
|
The Scottish Parliament is also has full control over Land and Buildings Transaction Tax and Scottish Landfill Tax. |
|
Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages before receiving royal assent, whereupon they become Acts of the Scottish Parliament. |
|
|
The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government. |
|
Normally, the leader of the largest party is returned as First Minister, and head of the Scottish Government. |
|
Junior ministers, who do not attend cabinet, are also appointed to assist Scottish ministers in their departments. |
|
Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season. |
|
And she was being disrespectful and patronising to Lady Macmaster, Egeria to innumerable Scottish Men of Letters! |
|
Cornish peppered mackerel, smoked haddock, Scottish herring and pearl-white skate wings are all laid on a bed of crushed ice at the fishmonger. |
|
It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow-wreath. |
|
The Bank of England, founded in 1694 by Scottish banker William Paterson, is the United Kingdom's central bank. |
|
This term is also used in the context of potential Scottish independence to mean the UK without Scotland. |
|
Its first page shows the long form name of the state in English, Welsh and Scottish Gaelic. |
|
Aidan, an Irish monk from the Scottish island of Iona to convert his people. |
|
The Jacobites were finally defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, after which the Scottish Highlanders were brutally suppressed. |
|
In Scotland water and sewerage services are provided by a single public company, Scottish Water. |
|
The number of schoolchildren being taught through Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish is increasing. |
|
In 1294, Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. |
|
Instead the Scottish parliament sent envoys to France to negotiate an alliance. |
|
The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from the end of the 14th century through the Scottish Renaissance to the Reformation. |
|
Almost every Scottish landowner who had money to spare is said to have invested in the Darien scheme. |
|
The Scottish Reform Act 1832 increased the number of Scottish MPs and widened the franchise to include more of the middle classes. |
|
Towards the end of the century Prime Ministers of Scottish descent included William Gladstone, and the Earl of Rosebery. |
|
|
It launched a highly successful career that probably more than any other helped define and popularise Scottish cultural identity. |
|
The University of St Andrews pioneered the admission of women to Scottish universities. |
|
Scottish Standard English may have been influenced to varying degrees by Scots. |
|
There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. |
|
The Scottish Parliament has legislative authority for all other areas relating to Scotland, as well as a limited power to vary income tax. |
|
Together they make up the Scottish Government, the executive arm of the devolved government. |
|
The Scottish Government's cabinet comprises nine cabinet secretaries, who form the Cabinet of Scotland. |
|
The Scotland Office represents the UK government in Scotland on reserved matters and represents Scottish interests within the UK government. |
|
The Scotland Act 2012, based on proposals by the commission, was subsequently enacted devolving additional powers to the Scottish Parliament. |
|
During the campaign, the three main parties in the UK Parliament pledged to extend the powers of the Scottish Parliament. |
|
This ended with the advent of the Scottish Parliament, which legislates for Scotland. |
|
The Cabinet Secretary for Justice is responsible for the Scottish Prison Service within the Scottish Government. |
|
Healthcare policy and funding is the responsibility of the Scottish Government's Health Directorates. |
|
In 2006, the infantry regiments of the Scottish Division were amalgamated to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland. |
|
The Scottish education system is distinct from the rest of the United Kingdom. |
|
There are fifteen Scottish universities, some of which are amongst the oldest in the world. |
|
Labour's education spokesperson Rhona Brankin criticised the Scottish system for failing to address student poverty. |
|
Scottish music is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. |
|
Other Scottish musicians include Shirley Manson, Paolo Nutini and Calvin Harris. |
|
From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with a group of writers including Irvine Welsh. |
|
|
Scottish poets who emerged in the same period included Carol Ann Duffy, who, in May 2009, was the first Scot named UK Poet Laureate. |
|
As one of the Celtic nations, Scotland and Scottish culture is represented at interceltic events at home and over the world. |
|
The national animal of Scotland is the unicorn, which has been a Scottish heraldic symbol since the 12th century. |
|
Association football is the most popular sport and the Scottish Cup is the world's oldest national trophy. |
|
The Scottish motorways and major trunk roads are managed by Transport Scotland. |
|
The remainder of the road network is managed by the Scottish local authorities in each of their areas. |
|
The Scottish Government owns Glasgow Prestwick, having purchased the airport from Infratil for a nominal sum. |
|
Regular ferry services operate between the Scottish mainland and outlying islands. |
|
Some, for example the Church of Ireland, the Scottish and American Episcopal churches, and some other associated churches have a separate name. |
|
While any Act of the Scottish Parliament may be overturned, amended or ignored by Westminster, in practice this has yet to happen. |
|
A different view has been taken by the Scottish judge Lord Cooper of Culross. |
|
There was also a local coincidence of natural resources in the North of England, the English Midlands, South Wales and the Scottish Lowlands. |
|
The region extends from the Scottish Borders in the north to the West Midlands region in the south. |
|
The English and Scottish Parliaments were merged into the Parliament of Great Britain, located in Westminster, London. |
|
The Scottish and English parliaments established a commission to negotiate a union, formulating an instrument of union between the two countries. |
|
Scottish members expelled from the Commonwealth Parliament petitioned unsuccessfully for a continuance of the union. |
|
Most of the Scottish commissioners favoured union, and about half were government ministers and other officials. |
|
Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners took place between 16 April and 22 July 1706 at the Cockpit in London. |
|
In Scotland, the Duke of Queensberry was largely responsible for the successful passage of the Union act by the Scottish Parliament. |
|
At least four payments were made to people who were not even members of the Scottish Parliament. |
|
|
For his part, King William III had given only lukewarm support to the whole Scottish colonial endeavour. |
|
Of the 31 Scottish commissioners who were appointed, 29 were members of the government Court Party and one was a member of the Squadron Volante. |
|
Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners began on 16 April 1706 at the Cockpit in London. |
|
The prospect of a union of the kingdoms was deeply unpopular among the Scottish population at large, and talk of an uprising was widespread. |
|
The Scottish Crown adopted the conventional offices of western European courts, and developed a Privy Council and great offices of state. |
|
In the Norman period the Scottish church underwent a series of changes that led to new monastic orders and organisation. |
|
The Scottish Crown developed naval forces at various points in its history, but often relied on privateers and fought a guerre de course. |
|
The Isle of Man fell under English control in the 14th century, despite several attempts to restore Scottish authority. |
|
It was also a full economic union, replacing the Scottish systems of currency, taxation and laws regulating trade. |
|
The unified kingdom of Alba retained some of the ritual aspects of Pictish and Scottish kingship. |
|
Early Scottish coins were similar to English ones, but with the king's head in profile instead of full face. |
|
In the Norman period, the Scottish church underwent a series of reforms and transformations. |
|
By 1560, a relatively small group of Protestants were in a position to impose reform on the Scottish church. |
|
An act of the Scottish parliament in 1696 underlined the aim of having a school in every parish. |
|
After the establishment of Scottish independence, Robert I turned his attention to building up a Scottish naval capacity. |
|
Scottish infantry were generally armed, as was almost universal in Western Europe, with a combination of pike and shot. |
|
Scottish armies may also have had individuals with a variety of weapons including bows, Lochaber axes, and halberds. |
|
There was also a Scottish version of this flag, in which the cross of Saint Andrew overlaid the cross of St George. |
|
It is widely accepted by medieval historians that this marks the point at which Lothian came under Scottish control. |
|
A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish. |
|
|
Scottish Gaelic is neither an official language of the European Union nor of the United Kingdom. |
|
Today, Scottish Gaelic is recognised as a separate language from Irish, so the word Erse in reference to Scottish Gaelic is no longer used. |
|
Scotland's emergent nationalism in the era following the conclusion of the Wars of Scottish Independence was organized using Scots as well. |
|
By the end of the 15th century, however, the Scottish dialect of Northern English had absorbed that designation. |
|
Records of their speech show that Irish and Scottish Gaelic existed in a dialect chain with no clear language boundary. |
|
What is known as Scottish Gaelic is essentially the Gaelic spoken in the Outer Hebrides and on Skye. |
|
The Scottish Government's language minister and Bord na Gaidhlig took this as evidence that Gaelic's long decline has slowed. |
|
Scottish Gaelic has also influenced the Scots language and English, particularly Scottish Standard English. |
|
In the committee stages in the Scottish Parliament, there was much debate over whether Gaelic should be given 'equal validity' with English. |
|
The deal was signed by Britain's representative to the EU, Sir Kim Darroch, and the Scottish government. |
|
The Scottish government will have to pay for the translation from Gaelic to other European languages. |
|
The ITV franchise in central Scotland, STV Central, produces a number of Scottish Gaelic programmes for both BBC Alba and its own main channel. |
|
Maxville Public School in Maxville, Glengarry, Ontario, Canada offers Scottish Gaelic lessons weekly. |
|
The city of Vancouver's Scottish Cultural Centre also holds seasonal Scottish Gaelic evening classes. |
|
Since 2005, the SFA have supported the use of Scottish Gaelic on their teams' strip in recognition of the language's revival in Scotland. |
|
Some sports coverage, albeit at a small level, takes place in Scottish Gaelic broadcasting. |
|
Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the English and, to a lesser extent, Scottish soccer leagues. |
|
One of his descendants, Margaret of Denmark, married James III of Scotland in 1469, introducing Sweyn's bloodline into the Scottish royal house. |
|
Malcolm Canmore was an exile at Edward's court after Macbeth killed his father, Duncan I, and seized the Scottish throne. |
|
By 1058 Malcolm had killed Macbeth in battle and taken the Scottish throne. |
|
|
Whether this meant only for Cumbria and Lothian or for the whole Scottish kingdom was left ambiguous. |
|
The Scottish magnates made a request to Edward to conduct the proceedings and administer the outcome, but not to arbitrate in the dispute. |
|
Bruce now embarked on a campaign to restore Scottish independence, and this campaign took the English by surprise. |
|
There is also a great difference between English and Scottish historiography on King Edward. |
|
Philip appealed to his Scottish allies to help with a diversionary attack on England. |
|
The French responded in kind and French pirates, under Scottish protection, raided many English coastal towns. |
|
Henry was knighted in 1330, represented his father in parliament and fought in Edward's Scottish campaign. |
|
Margaret gained the support of the Scottish queen Mary of Guelders, and with a Scottish army she pillaged into southern England. |
|
They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. |
|
Despite Somerset's disappointment that no Scottish marriage would take place, his victory at Pinkie Cleugh made his position appear unassailable. |
|
A decree of the English Court of Chancery is not entitled to more respect in Scotland than a decree of the Scottish Court of Session in England. |
|
The day after the ceremony he was created Duke of York and a month or so later made Warden of the Scottish Marches. |
|
Among the dead was the Scottish king, thus ending Scotland's brief involvement in the war. |
|
At the end of her life, Elizabeth was also believed to speak Welsh, Cornish, Scottish and Irish in addition to the languages mentioned above. |
|
The marriage was the first of a series of errors of judgement by Mary that handed the victory to the Scottish Protestants and to Elizabeth. |
|
At the time of the massacre, he was charged with the task of keeping Scottish vessels from bringing reinforcements to Rathlin Island. |
|
Recently some scholars suggested that up to 250,000 Russians may have Scottish ancestry. |
|
By the late 11th century at the very latest, Scottish kings were using the term rex Scottorum, or King of Scots, to refer to themselves in Latin. |
|
However, she died on the journey in Orkney, having never set foot on Scottish soil, and without being crowned at Scone. |
|
James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother Mary was compelled to abdicate in his favour. |
|