How to use protons in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Before nucleosynthesis begins, protons and neutrons are continually interconverting by means of weak nuclear interactions. The rotation of the protons emits synchrotron radiation which calculably consumes the rotational energy very slowly and very evenly. The quarks, in essence, spin like tops, as do the neutrons and protons themselves. That is, the protein releases a number of protons when binding the positively charged peptide. Beams of hadrons, such as protons, neutrons and ions, offer important advantages over X-ray radiotherapy. Yet experiments indicated that quarks within protons were only loosely bound together. Nuclei with full shells of protons, neutrons, or both are said to have magic numbers and, if unexcited, are usually spherical. Carbon, for example, has a stable nucleus when its 6 protons are joined by 6 neutrons. Even the protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus are believed to made of even smaller particles called quarks. If conditions are right, protons and electrons then fuse into neutrons, creating a neutron star. That process would briefly liberate the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons. The raw spectra of protons, deuterons, tritons and alpha particles were fitted with a three moving source prescription. Cosmic neutrinos are extremely high energy subatomic particles, like protons and electrons, but neutrinos have no electrical charge. These objects also produce high-energy massive particles such as electrons, muons, protons and anti-protons. We take as givens the forces of gravity, the laws of nature, the ideas that an electron has a negative charge and the protons a positive charge. When we examine protons closely by bombarding them with electrons, we find that they contain plenty of gluons and light quark-antiquark pairs. Gluons are bosons, carriers of the strong force that bind quarks together into hadrons such as protons or neutrons. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are made of elementary particles called quarks. In the course of the 20th century, science successively named electrons, protons, neutrons, and quarks. The new results promise to yield important information about the up and down quarks that comprise protons and neutrons. Show More Sentences Whatever the element, the atoms are made of electrons, neutrons, and protons. The gravitation force actually converts potential energy into mass by forcing protons and electrons to combine into neutrons. Weak acids have dissociable protons like strong acids, but they simply do not dissociate completely. They would like to use their carborane acids to bind protons to atoms of the inert gas xenon. They are atoms of the same element, so they have the same number of protons and electrons. But outside of Earth's magnetic field, there is no natural shield from cosmic rays and solar protons. Solar protons pose the biggest threat to us because they ionise molecules along their tracks. If a nucleus has too many protons for its number of neutrons, it will be radioactive. Alpha emitting radionuclides emit alpha particles, each consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Our planet is incessantly bombarded with a rain of cosmic rays, charged stable particles, such as protons and electrons. If just protons or sodium ions are present, the condition is not fulfilled and the logical molecule remains zeroed. The acidity of a substance is determined by how readily it donates hydrogen ions or protons. The protons recombine with the oxygen in the air that's also flowing through the fuel cell and is then expelled as water vapor. The bacteria also release protons or hydrogen ions, which go into solution. Because the alpha particle with two protons and two neutrons is especially cohesive, the release of nuclear material is often in this form. As the beam bit into the front of the missile launcher, the protons shed their immense kinetic energy in the form of infrared radiation. The photons can break apart, or ionize, molecules and atoms of the atmosphere into protons and electrons, producing plasma. The antiproton was produced when protons from a cyclotron were used to bombard a copper target. The presence of water molecules surrounding a paramagnetic metal ion can be detected via magnetic interactions with the water protons. Its atoms have a nucleus of two protons and two neutrons, orbited by two electrons. Show More Sentences The decay of neutrons into protons is essential for the existence of the element hydrogen, whose nucleus is a single proton. If the star were squeezed even more by gravity, the electrons could be forced to combine with protons to make more neutrons. For example, carbon 12 has a mass of exactly 12 amu, but it is made up of six protons and 6 neutrons. In this energy range, there is no reason, in principle, to have a different scattering behavior for protons and deuterons. As the core of a massive star collapses, the pull of gravity is sufficiently strong to force protons and electrons to combine and form neutrons. The matter was composed primarily of an ionized gas of electrons, protons, and helium nuclei. The sum of the atomic mass of the protons and neutrons determines the atomic mass or atomic weight of the nucleus. Overall, atoms are neutral and the number of protons in their nuclei equals the number of electrons. As its name suggests, this is a powerful force of attraction that operates between all protons and neutrons. The energy of attraction between protons and neutrons is about a million times greater than the chemical binding energy between atoms. Consisting chiefly of high-energy protons and electrons produced by stars, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts, GCR is tough to defend against. The spinning protons in the hydrogen nuclei act like tiny magnets and align their spins with or against the magnetic field. Hence, the holding together of protons and neutrons in a nucleus can also be explained by the concept of binding energy and mass defect. A more direct approach, for example, would be one in which two protons fuse to form a deuteron. The mass number gives you the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that element. Solar neutrinos are produced when two protons fuse together to form a deuterium nucleus, a positron, and a neutrino. A fuel cell generates electricity by separating the electrons from the protons of hydrogen atoms. Metallic oxides are bases because the oxide ions accept protons from water molecules, thereby generating hydroxide ions in solution. Also, protons have a positive charge and the more there are the greater the strain on the nucleus due to the repulsion between them. The protons are set in motion and, being charged, they again deposit energy through electrical interactions. Show More Sentences The harmless radio waves excite protons that form the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in the body. Quantum chromodynamics is the theory of the strong interaction that binds protons and neutrons together to form atomic nuclei. An atom that has a specific number of neutrons and protons is referred to as a nuclide. Every atomic nucleus consists of a certain number of protons, strongly bound to a certain number of neutrons. When the radio-wave frequency causing proton excitation is removed, the protons relax and return to their steady-state orientation. Prior to this era, protons and neutrons and mesons don't exist, there is just a hot soup of quarks and gluons in their place. Quarks are permanently bound together into protons, neutrons and mesons. Also, neutrons and protons are made up of tinier particles called quarks. According to Al Smith, much current research is focused on the use of lasers to accelerate protons, rather than using existing cyclotron and synchrotron sources. Patel and his colleagues heated a sample with far more protons than an accelerator could provide, using a technique developed at Livermore in recent years for other purposes. A normal salt does not have any acidic protons or hydroxyl groups. The sum of protons and neutrons constitutes an element's atomic mass. An electron's mass is so small that it is usually given a value in atomic mass units, compared to the value of 1 assigned to neutrons and protons. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, therefore, the atomic number also indicates the number of electrons in an atom. In those cases in which the number of protons changes, the new nucleus has a different atomic number, and it therefore belongs to a different element. Further, this series assumes an understanding of basic chemistry, and a grasp of current basic atomic theory, such as the properties of protons, electrons, etc. The strong force also attracts protons to protons or neutrons to neutrons. Since the days of Rutherford, physicists and chemists have theorized that atoms of matter contain even smaller particles than electrons, protons, and neutrons. The sum of the protons and neutrons is called the mass number. The normalizing factor for exposure to alpha particles is 20, for thermal neutrons is two, for fast neutrons is 10, for protons is 10, and for beta particles is one. Show More Sentences Each of the new versions was a little bit different, and it was always hoped that one of the new versions would look exactly like protons, neutrons, mesons, and so forth. The core of the exploding star was converted to neutrons during the explosion when protons and electrons were forced together in reverse beta decay, producing the neutrinos. Prior to that time, particles of energy, photons, and particles of matter, protons and electrons, were all mixed together in a kind of hot primordial soup. Each electron carries one unit of negative charge, and there is the same number of electrons as protons, so the atom as a whole is electrically neutral. The result would be a star made entirely of neutrons, and these could be packed together as closely as the protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. The gravity is enough to squeeze atoms until electrons combine with protons to make neutrons. You'll then have to use that information to answer questions regarding the number of protons, neutrons, electrons or nucleons that an atom of that element contains. Most atomic nuclei consist of clusters of protons and neutrons. Atoms with the same number of protons and neutrons are called nuclides and atoms with a unequal number of protons and neutrons are called isotopes. Why are there usually more neutrons than protons in a heavy element? In addition to electrons, the Pauli exclusion principle applies to all sub-atomic particles with half-integral spins, known as fermions, such as neutrons and protons. We previously observed the same rate of scavenging of solvated electrons by protons in ultrafast experiments on indole under conditions of comparable ionic strength. It acts between two neutrons, between two protons, or between a neutron and a proton, as long as they are no farther apart than a distance of one fermi. If, for example, the interaction between two protons in a nucleus is studied, quite good results can be obtained by describing it as an exchange of pi-mesons. Violent events such as stellar flares, supernovae and the explosion of galactic nuclei produce a concoction of subatomic particles, primarily protons and electrons. Settlers would need protection against the high-energy particles in space, mostly protons and electrons from the Sun and cosmic rays from beyond the solar system. The term accelerators most commonly refers to particle accelerators, devices for increasing the velocity of subatomic particles such as protons, electrons, and positrons. This results in a decreased membrane potential, which is defined as the electrochemical potential difference of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. They aimed beams of heavy ions at targets of selected elements to produce nuclei with 75 neutrons and 55, 57, 59, and 61 protons in a wide variety of spin states. This process would consume protons in a similar way to the malic enzyme reaction and PEPCK might therefore be functioning as a decarboxylase in the biochemical pH stat. Show More Sentences The protons are delayed on the proteinous surface due to the high density of proton-binding sites that form a concentrated layer of an undilutable buffer. The interior of channel-forming membrane proteins contains a column of water molecules through which protons and other small ions can diffuse across the membrane. The strong force is mediated by the gluon, which binds quarks together to form baryons and mesons and protons and neutrons together to form nuclei. These accelerators generate neutrons by bombarding beryllium targets with either protons or deuterons. Proton therapy uses high-speed protons to fight cancer by aiming a high-energy ionizing beam at the tumor, destroying its cells. The 20 protons in the calcium and 97 protons in the berkelium combined to make an element with 117 protons. With 111 protons and 161 neutrons, this lab-made element has the highest atomic number seen so far. If silver were to lose two protons, it would have the same atomic number as which element? This theory describes the force that binds different quarks and antiquarks together to create protons, neutrons, and other subatomic particles. When the number of protons changes, an atom of a different chemical element is created. However this causes only a tiny portion of the masses of other subatomic particles, such as protons and neutrons. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas. In theory, quarks are closely bound within a nucleon connected by gluons to create protons, neutrons and other subatomic particles. A phylum is not a fundamental division of nature, such as the difference between electrons and protons. The outer Van Allen belt contains mostly energetic electrons, while the inner Van Allen holds mostly fast-moving protons. Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory has found magnetism in a sample of graphite that had been irradiated with protons. An especially powerful type of solar eruption, known as a coronal mass ejection, can inject protons directly into Earth's atmosphere. Therefore, we can assume that the protons of alpha-particles leaving the nucleus are associated with the second electron shell. The vexing findings pertain to quarks, which are the main components of neutrons and protons. The collisions melted protons and neutrons and liberated subatomic particles known as quarks and gluons. Show More Sentences Quarks are the building blocks of protons, neutrons, and more-exotic entities, whereas gluons are massless particles that glue together quarks. Strong nuclear force is the degree to which protons and neutrons stick together. Physicists have known since the 1960s that protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, as are hundreds of other particles. Collisions at 900 GeV have only been measured with protons and antiprotons. The protons, which come from this region will be accelerated and registered by a proton detector. With all their mass packed into a sphere the size of a small city, their protons and electrons are crushed together into neutrons. The C-1 methine protons were integrated to determine the relative amounts of each isomer. Water is roughly 110 molar in protons, whereas the signal of interest to the biochemist might be 1-100 millimolar. These enzymes catalyze the reversible redox reaction between H2 and its component two protons and two electrons. Founded in 2008 by Susan Ralston, the mission of the organization is to provide education, advocacy and assistance to families in need of pediatric protons. The facilities will include a proton synchrotron, in which protons will be accelerated to 50 billion electron volts, and a neutron diffusing facility. At low pH, the amine groups of the pyridyl rings will combine with protons to get ionized groups, which are more hydrophilic and then adsorb more water. Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms. The resulting fireballs, which can reach temperatures measured in trillions of degrees, are expected to melt the protons and neutrons that compose ordinary nuclear matter. By using electrons and their antiparticles rather than protons, as the LHC does, physicists hope to gain a different perspective on the underlying physics. The quark matter would consist not only of the up and down quarks that make up protons and neutrons, but also strange quarks, which aren't found in ordinary matter. We call this state static electricity When you put the balloon against another object, the extra electrons pull on the protons in the other object, and the balloon sticks. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei of certain atoms, such as hydrogen, containing odd numbers of protons or neutrons. Electrons protons photons neutrons mesotrons and cosmic rays. At energies above 10 keV this is reasonable since stopping power has been measured for protons, deuterons and tritons and the results are the same for equal velocities. Show More Sentences Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. By comparing this magnetic property of protons with that of antiprotons, researchers hope to gain insight into why the universe is dominated by matter rather than antimatter. This is so, because all of the atoms in a sample of an element have the same number of protons, though they may be different isotopes, with differing numbers of neutrons. About 10 years ago, researchers created atoms of antihydrogen by combining antiprotons and positrons, the antimatter equivalents of protons and electrons. In addition, there is also an increase in IMM leakiness, in which protons can move back into the mitochondrial matrix without passing through the complex V protein. An ultrasensitive experiment comparing protons with their antimatter counterparts found no difference in the ratios of their charge to mass, researchers report in the Aug. Each type of atom is unique because the different atoms have different numbers of protons in the nucleus, and different electron shell configurations. The neutrons and protons that constitute nuclei, as well as other particles that approach close enough to them, are governed by several interactions. Examples from Classical Literature They clearly understood the combination of these electrons and protons into atoms. In 1949 it was modified to permit production of 350-Mev protons also. This shows good separation of protons in coincidence with electrons, with little background under the proton peak. The design employs large area segmented silicon detectors to detect both protons and electrons in coincidence. We have electrons and protons of matter, and photons of light. One funny move out of you and I'll blast your ship into protons! In Arret the protons were negative, and the electrons positive. That makes the zinc negative 28for it has more electrons than protons. This helium atom is made up of four electrons and four protons. All electrons are alike as far as we can tell and so are all protons. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of protons? Words that rhyme with protons What is the adjective for protons? What is the noun for protons? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words protonotary protonic protonema protonation protonated proton proto-oncogene proto-oncogenes protopathic protoplanet protoplanetary protoplanets 7-letter Words Starting With p pr pro prot proto proton