How to use phylogenetic in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Activity at the intersection of phylogenetic systematics and developmental biology has shifted over the years. On average, nodes preceding gene duplications occur earlier in the phylogenetic trees than speciation nodes. We also explore the extraxial nature and phylogenetic significance of the odontophore. This phenomenon owes its existence to both phylogenetic and ontogenetic naturalistic processes. Extant birds are the most appropriate models for understanding the ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of PSP in sauropods. Cladistics is currently the most popular paradigm of phylogenetic classification in biological taxonomy. To investigate the Papuan sample, we therefore constructed a phylogenetic network of the Papuans including the Malay. Here we combine phylogenetic reconstruction with new data on the morphology and ecophysiology of these plants to infer early angiosperm function. Even comprehensive analyses have not clarified phylogenetic relationships among aardvarks, tenrecs, golden moles, and elephant shrews. Although phylogenetic tests in ostracods are relatively clear, morphological evidence is somewhat ambiguous. Consistent with the close phylogenetic relationships of the species sampled, most nucleotide sites were invariant in pair wise comparisons. These genetic techniques will clarify the evolutionary and phylogenetic importance of segmentation in metazoan evolution. We also have no indication that the topology of the phylogenetic trees is biased by the alignments or the tree-building algorithms. In addition, phylogenetic analyses were performed for each of the individual virB genes selected for concatenation. However, due to the ambiguity in the phylogenetic analyses, this divergence is shown as an unresolved trichotomy. Also, the mathematical models currently used in phylogenetic analysis are crude approximations to reality. Knapp has also investigated the evolutionary origins of fruit size, colour and biochemistry in the genus Solanum using a phylogenetic approach. The foregoing is not to say that Newton does not appreciate the fact that a phylogenetic hypothesis can be important in biogeography. The majority of the fossils used for calibration of avian molecular clocks have uncertain phylogenetic relationships. Despite this attention and extensive monographic work, their phylogenetic history is still incompletely known. Show More Sentences The order of genes in the mitochondria was used as a third data set for phylogenetic analysis. Lots of phylogenetic change was in the air, or actually in the water, but it was mostly happening in the same lush, warm epicontinental seas. Major arthropod lines have long been recognized, but the phylogenetic relationships among these groups remain controversial. Other interesting taxa are listed in boxes within the tree, with their possible phylogenetic positions signified by dashed lines. A relationship between these genes has also been obtained from mutant analysis as well as phylogenetic analysis. In the phylogenetic analysis, 42 sites were parsimony informative, 47 were uninformative and 380 were constant. We performed phylogenetic analyses of introns from species from four avian orders that are representative of the two infraclasses within Aves. The phylogenetic position of needlefishes relative to halfbeaks fits his prediction. The inferred phylogenetic relationships between acanthocephalans and rotifers differ appreciably. More than 200 sexually transmitted pathogens have been reported in animals covering a wide phylogenetic range. The research leads to a more recent common ancestor for humans than phylogenetic estimates that assume a relationship with chimpanzees. We applied additional filtering criteria, including phylogenetic validations, to enhance the reliability of our predictions. We used the two satellite DNA families of the sparid species for phylogenetic inference of the group. Note that the D. tripunctata group is found in a phylogenetic branch that is rather distant from the other groups with canonical P sequences. Hence, we remain agnostic regarding phylogenetic relationships among basal angiosperm lineages. Microsatellites are an important source of information about the phylogenetic relationships among human populations. The conventional method for identifying a potential drug target in rRNA is phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree shows the genealogical relationships among nine eukaryotes. Only unambiguously aligned positions were considered in phylogenetic analyses. Alternative phylogenetic trees were compared excluding the ophiuroid data set. Show More Sentences But unless you have already mastered vertebrate anatomy, Mesozoic stratigraphy, and phylogenetic analysis, it's probably not the place to begin. The compartmented genetic system of the plant cell is of heterogenous phylogenetic origin. The family Clusiaceae and the subfamily Clusioideae with the genus Clusia have a minimum phylogenetic age of 90 x 10 years. These ingroup species were chosen to represent each of the proposed subgenera and genera from previous phylogenetic studies. Obviously, in any phylogenetic analysis a subset of the characters will retain the ancestral state. Below we summarize the characters and apparent phylogenetic positions of these taxa. Our study, in part, builds on theirs by providing more of a phylogenetic component to the histological approach that they used. The distribution of homologues among different taxa is seen as a consequence of their phylogenetic relationship. The phylogenetic and paleobiological significance of the new fossils is discussed. As an initial matter, the echinoderms and chordate phyla have been arranged in almost every possible phylogenetic order. Interpreting the extreme similarity in anteaters and pangolins remains problematic due to lingering disagreement among phylogenetic hypotheses. Across major phylogenetic comparisons, the evolution of Hox clusters generally parallels the evolution of axial complexity. The two main methods for developing phylogenies in palaeontology are evolutionary systematics and phylogenetic systematics or cladism. There he got his first taste of applying the tools of molecular biology to systematics and phylogenetic research. This chapter alone makes the book an excellent resource for any course in phylogenetic systematics. Whatever their phylogenetic position, the hagfish are still considered the most primitive vertebrate known, living or extinct. However, if this is not the case, then phylogenetic networks represent sets of contradicting splits by hypercubes. From the molecular viewpoint, however, the phylogenetic relationship among elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes remains confused. These and other phylogenetic hypotheses will be tested in future studies with an expanded coverage of percoid families. There is a great need for phylogenetic analysis of virtually all the constituent families. Show More Sentences Comparison of their photoreceptive cells with those of the chordates corroborated such a phylogenetic position. We determined the phylogenetic position of this strain within the genus Wolbachia to ascertain its nearest relatives. The putative affiliative bond is argued to be part of the phylogenetic heritage of the men of our species. His phylogenetic explanation of the origin of language stands in service of his empiricist effort to ground human knowledge. These channels play an important physiological role in living cells of diverse phylogenetic origin. Highly variable and gappy regions of alignments are usually excluded from phylogenetic analyses. Second, our work with lacertids helped make us both keenly aware of the importance of phylogeny and phylogenetic control in comparative biology. This phylogenetic hypothesis had been held valid until it was recently reinvestigated. The Triassic ammonoids represent the phylogenetic bridge between Paleozoic and Jurassic ammonoids. The evolution of protein disulfide isomerases presents a difficult but important phylogenetic question. We also determined which phylogenetic lineages had evolved faster or slower. However, many viruses readily recombine, which implies that no single phylogenetic tree describes the genealogy of the sampled sequences. In a phylogenetic dendrogram, branches and twigs here and there show saltations into a new grade. If ontogeny really did recapitulate phylogeny, then phylogenetic relationships might be determined directly by reference to ontogenetic sequences. Antibiotic peptides constitute a major component of the innate defense system shared by organisms from throughout the phylogenetic tree, including humans. The trait of temporal fenestration has been used extensively in phylogenetic studies of amniotes, but unfortunately, it is not a reliable guide to their evolution. A symposium on prosobranch phylogeny was held in 1986 which resulted in several papers using cladistic analysis to produce phylogenetic hypotheses of various gastropod groups. Loligo bleekeri was used as the out-group in all phylogenetic analyses because most authors currently consider cephalopods as the sister group of gastropods. In particular, there is a significant phylogenetic gap in information for the urochordates, a subphylum near the invertebrate-vertebrate transition. There is still much discussion over the issue of species and binomials in the phylogenetic system, and at present, the draft PhyloCode only addresses supraspecific taxa. Show More Sentences Likewise, comparisons of growth series permit elucidation of phylogenetic relationships at lower taxonomic levels such as suborders, families, or subfamilies. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the giant muntjac is relatively closer to Muntiacus reevesi than to other muntjacs and may be placed in the genus Muntiacus. The present study, as well as previous molecular studies, suggest that the oegopsid squids represent a polyphyletic group with uncertain phylogenetic affinities. Orders that are characterized by oogamy and are reported to have large female gametes have the largest nuclear genomes observed regardless of their phylogenetic position. The lasting contribution of the book is in its summary of avian distributions and natural history, not in the phylogenetic interpretation of speciation and biogeography. Historical biogeography deals with phylogenetic patterns among species and higher lineages attributable to relatively ancient events in earth history. The only other discrete difference appears to be the vesiculate swellings in the peridium, and the phylogenetic significance of this trait is poorly defined. This programme increases knowledge and understanding of the biosystematics of both floras by improving description of their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. The next generation of advances in macroevolution and evolutionary paleoecology will not occur until a well-tested phylogenetic classification is established. The parameters used in the parametric bootstrap simulations were the phylogenetic tree generated from the aligned protein sequences and a residue substitution matrix. Parrotfishes have traditionally been given their own family but current phylogenetic data suggest that parrotfishes are one radiation within the Labridae. Balfour's approach was based firmly on homology of the germ layers and the ability of embryological homology to reveal phylogenetic relationships. Third, substantial phylogenetic evidence from both morphology and molecular data indicates that acanthocephalans have a close evolutionary relationship with Rotifera. Most Paleozoic insects are known only by their wing venation since wings are the least degradable parts of insects, so phylogenetic schemes will rely on venational characters. Furthermore, as is typical of many phylogenetic problematica, myzostomids feature a mixture of characteristics that suggest affinities with disparate taxa. However, species may hybridize long after speciation, which may pose problems in phylogenetic reconstruction, especially when molecular data are used. Besides these phylogenetic analyses, recombination events were occasionally observed between transferring alleles of silver crucian carp and color crucian carp. The phylogenetic position of nemerteans remains controversial. Thus, three blocks were finally selected, and they were concatenated together with blocks from other proteins for subsequent phylogenetic analyses. We also note that atherinomorphs have periodic acid Schiff-positive yolk, but the phylogenetic significance of this observation remains to be determined with further surveys. Show More Sentences The examination of these and other measures to detect changes of gene function along branches of a phylogenetic tree will become increasingly important in the postgenomic era. Potentially incongruent phylogenetic relationships found for different genes might not result from HGT at all but may be due to inadequate phylogenetic signals. Attempts to discriminate between phylogenetic patterns of concrescence or differentiation among serially homologous elements are therefore entirely futile. Clearly, it is extremely difficult to reconcile whether phylogenetic differentiation or concrescence is responsible for a decrease in the number of skeletal elements. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that glyphcoids are legitimate members of the infraorder Astacidea and defines their relationship to other taxa within the clade. Slikas et al. performed a phylogenetic analysis for several Micronesian white-eyes, but did not investigate the position of white-eyes among sylvioids. They represent the segmental architecture of our phylogenetic ancestors. A phylogenetic analysis of monocotyledons based on the chloroplast gene rps4, using parsimony and a new numerical phenetics method. As we will discuss later, our phylogenetic hypothesis reconstructs the presence of ossicones as a basal feature of all the giraffomorphs. This view has been challenged by the hypothesis that the Celtic languages of the British Isles form a phylogenetic Insular Celtic dialect group. These techniques, especially multiple sequence alignment, are used in studying phylogenetic relationships and protein function. Often taxonomists prefer to use phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a population can be considered a subspecies. Second, we used the recursive multitree approach implemented in the R package bGMYC to incorporate phylogenetic uncertainty. Molecular phylogenetic studies conclude that bryophytes are the earliest diverging lineages of the extant land plants. Essentially, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than any phylogenetic or taxonomic classification. In a phylogenetic study on silica transport genes from 8 diverse groups of diatoms, silica transport was found to generally group with species. The phylogenetic relationships of the different groups of bats have been the subject of much debate. The following list is based on molecular and phylogenetic studies by zoologists such as Groves and Grubb. In 2004, a molecular phylogenetic study indicated both of these species should be included in Mentha. It was supported by morphological studies, but never received strong support in molecular phylogenetic studies. Show More Sentences Although most of them focus on sequence data, some of them include phylogenetic or functional information. A phylogenetic study suggests the Polyplacophora form a clade with a monophyletic Aplacophora. The process is similar to the process of evolution, where the process of descent with modification leads to the formation of a phylogenetic tree. When a new branching in a tree is discovered, some phylogenetic names will change, but by definition all mutational names will remain the same. At the species level, endemicity may be even higher, as phylogenetic studies have uncovered substantial hidden diversity. This phylogenetic study has made the need for a revision of the genus even clearer. Until more detailed phylogenetic work is done to elucidate their true relationships, it seems best to leave all these species unplaced. Evolution and phylogenetic information content of mitochondrial genomic structural features illustrated with Acrodont lizards. A phylogenetic analysis of recent Anseriform genera using morphological characters. A molecular phylogenetic analysis classifies HEV into four major genotypes. Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies. Research to date often has a narrow focus, lacks a broad phylogenetic and temporal context, and rarely incorporates information on taphonomy. Situating the phylogenetic origins of Testudines remains a continuing challenge. The unrooted phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 15 MS markers that clearly differentiated among five native chicken lines. The tracheid-long scalariform-short simple vessel element transformation series has been invoked over and over at many phylogenetic scales. Insertion events of CRI retrotransposable elements elucidate the phylogenetic branching order in galliform birds. A reanalysis of Acrocranthosaurus atokensis, its phylogenetic status, and paleobiogeographic implications, based on a new specimen from Texas. Cuticular features have been used extensively in paleobotanical and phylogenetic interpretations. As already reported elsewhere, the present phylogenetic analysis supported monophyly of Schistosomatidae and paraphyly of Spirorchiidae. Their phylogenetic analysis indicates that Serrodiscus sensu lato should be restricted to include species with mostly entirely effaced glabellae. Show More Sentences A Bayesian phylogenetic tree was generated on the basis of the full-length NS1 proteins of MpBuV, human BuVs, and representative parvoviruses. With recent advances in molecular systematics, biologists have been able to better resolve phylogenetic relationships within Porifera. Nonetheless, rhacophorid evolution, specially on Borneo, has not been studied within a phylogenetic context. However, there has been little consensus concerning the circumscription or phylogenetic position of this subfamily. A molecular phylogenetic study using sequences of three cpDNA loci revealed the polyphyly of Thelypteridaceae. Diversification of lindsaeoid ferns and phylogenetic uncertainty of early polypod relationships. The existence of homoplasy does not necessarily mean that the character does not contain a phylogenetic signal. Homoplasy will obscure the value of many clearly diagnostic states in phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic and population genetics analysis is helpful in understanding historical and current patterns of connectivity and genetic diversity. They drew a phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of these Indian swine isolates, and genomic sequences of HEV isolates from humans and animals. Beutel, Friedrich, Ge, and Yang offer this graduate entomology text focusing on morphological determination and verification of phylogenetic relationships among insects. Although spatial scale is known to be important to understand community structure, current knowledge on spatial variation of functional and phylogenetic diversity is limited. Here we suggest emphasis on the techniques of cladistics because they provide a clear means of organizing phylogenetic information in branching diagrams. Palynological characters and their phylogenetic signal in Rubiaceae. These statements reflect recent paleobiological and molecular phylogenetic developments and hopefully will serve as a template for further investigation. These conserved cDNA have the highest potential for studying syntenic relationships and phylogenetic differences between angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. Continual improvement of phylogenetic hypotheses and associated improvements in nomenclature to reflect that increased knowledge is advocated by Practicing Cladists. Principal well-supported clades recovered in the phylogenetic analyses provided the foundation upon which we assessed phenotypic differences to make generic recommendations. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of sporogenesis in Pteridophytes. Description of the first Recent macropterous species of Vianaidinae with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the family within the Cimicomoprha. Show More Sentences The term yeast often used as a synonym with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but phylogenetic diversity of yeasts are expressed into two classified as basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. The relatively large size of the Giant Scops Owl represents an autapomorphy but its phylogenetic position as a terminal lineage does not warrant genus status. We discuss the multiple convergent evolutions in ovariole number and the potential link between a reduction of ovariole number and troglobiomorphism in a phylogenetic context. Similarly this concept of unity provided a powerful impetus for embryological studies and the idea that fetal development recapitulates the steps of phylogenetic development. A 2011 study using detailed analyses of the morphology of giraffes, and application of the phylogenetic species concept, described eight species of living giraffes. More recent morphological phylogenetic studies with this in mind placed turtles firmly within diapsids, slightly closer to Squamata than to Archosauria. The phylogenetic relationships within the family and the genetic distances among some taxa highlight inconsistencies in the current taxonomic classification of the family. Beginning in around 1990 a series of phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences resulted in substantial revisions being made to the taxonomy. Since 76 percent of rodent genera contain only one species, much phylogenetic diversity could be lost with a comparatively small number of extinctions. A phylogenetic or cladistic species is an evolutionarily divergent lineage, one that has maintained its hereditary integrity through time and space. There have been a number of efforts to address phylogenetic studies. Widespread paraphylies were observed in many phylogenetic studies. More recently, phylogenetic research has questioned whether the bryophytes form a monophyletic group and thus whether they should form a single taxon. Species infected with Bd covered a wide phylogenetic range including four species of plethodontid salamanders, three species of toads, five hylid frogs, and four ranid frogs. These results corroborate our expectation of a stronger effect of host-plant phylogenetic isolation on endophage diversity than on exophage diversity. Examples from Classical Literature This denture is nothing else than a phylogenetic incident in the ontogeny of the whale. No satisfactory phylogenetic explanation of the Mammalian gastrula by epibole has in my opinion as yet been offered. Probably all Cyclodiscaria can be derived from Archidiscus, from a morphological as well as a phylogenetic point of view. The idea of ontogenetic degeneration is intimately bound up with the idea of phylogenetic degeneration. A phylogenetic system of phanerogams is not to be hazarded in the roughest outline. In birds, the same bones are the phylogenetic derivatives of the limbs of reptiles. The phylogenetic conclusions which follow from the above views remain to be dealt with. The phylogenetic arrangement and nomenclature in the text beyond are mainly that of Laurie and Hill. The phylogenetic connection between these families is probably very complex and very worthy of further research. The methods were not phylogenetic, as they have since become under the influence of evolutionary belief. The phylogenetic position of this genus has been discussed above. They have been shewn by Claus to be of some phylogenetic importance. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with phylogenetic What is the adverb for phylogenetic? What is the adjective for phylogenetic? What is the noun for phylogenetic? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words phylogenesis phylloxera phyllotaxy phyllotaxis phyllotactic phyllosilicate phylogenetically phylogenetics phylogenetic tree phylogenic phylogeny phylum 12-letter Words Starting With p ph phy phyl phylo phylog phyloge phylogen phylogene phylogenet phylogeneti