Most of the institutional devices typical of modern democracies were forged in republics or limited monarchies. |
|
When Prussia defeated France in 1870, it initiated the establishment of a new German Empire, a monarchy over monarchies. |
|
Even one of the most famous monarchies in England which gave the king almost absolute powers came under scrutiny from some nobles. |
|
The recent divorce was a sad event in what is traditionally one of the world's most popular and much loved monarchies. |
|
He refutes the neo-Weberian argument that financial demands of warfare obliged monarchies to develop modern bureaucracies. |
|
It declares that we, as a society, have more faith in foreign monarchies than we do in our own innovation and technology. |
|
If the people of this or other hereditary monarchies prefer their form of government to a democracy, that preference ought to be testable. |
|
Saudi Arabia is among the world's richest monarchies, but it has not spread monarchy in the mainly republican Middle East. |
|
Of the roughly 200 countries in the world, only about two dozen remain monarchies. |
|
By way of comparison there are nine constitutional monarchies in the Caribbean which have never had problems with their governors-general. |
|
The Bourbon monarchies of Parma and Naples were swept by hysteria, and the Pope anathematized reform as a threat to faith itself. |
|
The restoration of monarchies in 1814-15 heralded a wave of persecution of minorities deemed to be associated with revolution. |
|
Our government and the corporations whose investments it protects have propped up corrupt monarchies and single-party autocracies. |
|
The Scandinavian monarchies were transformed from poor and rather backward societies into prosperous agricultural democracies. |
|
The kind of small-town hostility to European monarchies comically depicted by Mark Twain then bestrode the world stage. |
|
They called themselves the king and supreme monarch of their respective monarchies by the mandate of heaven. |
|
Democratic republics can no more dispense with national idols than monarchies with public functionaries. |
|
Because of increasingly complex feudal contracts, English kings ruled parts of France and conflict between the two monarchies was common. |
|
Until 1918, the region was ruled by the German, Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires, or native monarchies. |
|
All states and dominions which hold or have held sway over mankind are either republics or monarchies. |
|
|
I would think that Socialists would oppose religious dictatorships and monarchies at the drop of a hat. |
|
Obviously there are some differences living in monarchies like Australia, New Zealand and Canada to living in others like Sweden, Denmark or The Netherlands. |
|
If Britain and Sweden provided working models of parliamentary monarchies, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth offered a salutary lesson of another kind. |
|
While it sounds great it does also seem a bit far-fetched and of course there is the very real objection that what comes after corrupt monarchies might actually be worse. |
|
Like all the little monarchies scattered along the coast of the Gulf, Kuwait used to be a sleepy little backwater, getting by on pearl fishing and trade. |
|
All three of the countries are monarchies of one sort or another. |
|
The modern air forces built by autocratic Arab monarchies are designed primarily for self-defense, not attack. |
|
But the feudal system also allowed for Church functionaries, for instance the abbots of powerful monarchies, to adopt something of a baronial role. |
|
In monarchies and in democracies, in metropolitan Europe as well as in colonial South Asia, the state management of forests has met bitter and continuous opposition. |
|
The late nineteenth century now seems as much all age of aristocrats and peasants, of religious revival and renascent monarchies as one of capitalists and imperialists. |
|
In contrast to monarchies in which the king had the power to separate conflicting factions, any such higher authority was absent in the Dutch Republic. |
|
That was a nice long discussion, comparing monarchies, democracies, republics, oligarchies, and all the different systems of government there were. |
|
Indeed, the monarchies are, weirdly enough, looking to be among the most stable entities around. |
|
It might be meek, and fiercely fought over, compared to the fearful stability and dominance of monarchies and one-party regimes. |
|
Machiavelli relied heavily on the dichotomy between republican and princely government, Montesquieu on a trichotomy of republics, monarchies, and despotisms. |
|
According to international financial bodies, this situation demands the reform of what is one of the world's last remaining constitutional monarchies. |
|
World War I destroyed many of Europe's empires and monarchies, and weakened Britain and France. |
|
They are more often illegal in countries that actually have nobilities, such as European monarchies. |
|
Prussia, Austria, and Russia, as absolute monarchies, tried to suppress liberalism wherever it might occur. |
|
Therefore, sovereignty over Guyenne was a latent conflict between the two monarchies for several generations. |
|
|
This was supported by temporarily strengthened monarchies in both areas, as well as by newly established universities. |
|
Conservatives across Europe were horrified and monarchies called for war against revolutionary France. |
|
Morocco, Lesotho, and Swaziland remain monarchies under dynasties that predate colonial rule. |
|
Egypt and Libya gained independence as monarchies, but both countries' monarchs were later deposed, and they became republics. |
|
The United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms are all constitutional monarchies in the Westminster tradition of constitutional governance. |
|
There are sixteen constitutional monarchies under Queen Elizabeth II, which are known as Commonwealth realms. |
|
There are currently 44 monarchies, and most of them are constitutional monarchies. |
|
The United Kingdom and fifteen other Commonwealth monarchies that share the same person as their monarch are called Commonwealth realms. |
|
In Scotland, as in England, monarchies emerged after the withdrawal of the Roman empire from Britain in the early fifth century. |
|
These monarchies are united by the personal union of their monarch, but they are separate as states. |
|
Some monarchies have weak or symbolic legislatures and other governmental bodies the monarch can alter or dissolve at will. |
|
They pitted the French First Republic against Britain, Austria and several other monarchies. |
|
As a result of the partitions, millions of Polish speaking inhabitants fell under the rule of the two German monarchies. |
|
In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies, the head of state is also usually the head of government. |
|
Traditionally and in most cases, the post of the monarch is inherited, but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected. |
|
In some monarchies it is customary not to use an ordinal when there has been only one holder of that name. |
|
It was also applied in most of the German monarchies and in that of Hungary. |
|
Other monarchies assign ordinals to monarchs even if they are the only ones of their name. |
|
This is not so in other monarchies where the new monarch's reign begins only with coronation or some other formal or traditional event. |
|
Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles, particularly in monarchies. |
|
|
Several European monarchies that have adopted such systems in the last few decades furnish practical examples. |
|
Currently all of the states are republics, but until World War II all countries were monarchies. |
|
In current usage the word monarchy usually refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are rare nowadays. |
|
Advocacy of republics is called republicanism, while advocacy of monarchies is called monarchism. |
|
In the modern era, monarchies are more prevalent in small states than in large ones. |
|
In addition to these five countries, peculiar monarchies of varied sizes and complexities exist in various other parts of Africa. |
|
There is no popular vote involved in elective monarchies, as the elective body usually consists of a small number of eligible people. |
|
It created one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe and engendered a sophisticated governmental system. |
|
For Henry, the marriage into one of Europe's most established monarchies gave legitimacy to the new Tudor royal line. |
|
Finally, the principle survived in some form or other for centuries after the demise of the last Germanic monarchies. |
|
The monarchies strengthened their positions in the 12th and 13th centuries through imposing taxes on peasants and a class of nobles also emerged. |
|
In certain parts of the world, nations in the form of ancient republics, monarchies or tribal oligarchies emerged. |
|
Most constitutional monarchies employ a system that includes the principle of responsible government. |
|
What was irritating in the Russian move was the inevitable arms race that such sales engendered, since the conservative Arab monarchies could not remain indifferent. |
|
The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient story. |
|
The power vacuum resulted in the rise of the Vardhanas of Thanesar, who began uniting the republics and monarchies from the Punjab to central India. |
|
Historically it is not uncommon for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones over time, or for hereditary ones to acquire at least occasional elective aspects. |
|
All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne's empire, up to the last Emperor Francis II and the French and German monarchies. |
|
In contrast, elective monarchies require the monarch to be elected. |
|
But after that there were three general overturnings before Christ came, in the succession of the three great monarchies of the world, after the Babylonish empire. |
|
|
The Merovingian dynasty, descendants of the Salians, founded one of the French monarchies that would absorb large parts of the Western Roman Empire. |
|
After the catastrophic Russian campaign, and the ensuing uprising of European monarchies against his rule, Napoleon was defeated and the Bourbon monarchy restored. |
|
As a continuation of the wars sparked by the European monarchies against the French Republic, changing sets of European Coalitions declared wars on Napoleon's Empire. |
|
While Prussia, Austria, and Russia, as absolute monarchies, tried to suppress liberalism wherever it might occur, the British came to terms with new ideas. |
|
Another example of a de facto ruler is someone who is not the actual ruler but exerts great or total influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. |
|
As with most remaining European monarchies, the position of the Spanish monarch as the nominal head of the armed forces is deeply rooted in traditions going centuries back. |
|
Systems of inheritance that often led to corule in Germanic and Dacian monarchies may be included as well, as may the dual occupants of the ranks of the Incan Empire. |
|
In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from and is legally bounded or restricted by a constitution or legislature. |
|
During the brief period of absolute monarchies in Europe, the divine right of kings was an important competing justification for the exercise of sovereignty. |
|
He wrote it not as a quick pamphlet but as a long, abstract political tract of 90,000 words that tore apart monarchies and traditional social institutions. |
|
Other monarchies were established by the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, the Suebi in northwestern Iberia, and the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. |
|
However, three important factors distinguish monarchies such as the United Kingdom from systems where greater power might otherwise rest with Parliament. |
|
After the Second World War, surviving European monarchies almost invariably adopted some variant of the constitutional monarchy model originally developed in Britain. |
|