The evolutionary history of marine mammals includes land-dwelling ancestors. |
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In dolphins, and other marine mammals, there is no great difference between the outer and inner environments. |
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The transition from freshwater basinal sedimentation to marine deposition was determined by analysis of diatoms from core samples. |
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The ice was thin, and only a few areas had bergs large enough to support marine mammals. |
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Commercial exploitation of marine resources and a history of fur trapping has taken its toll on several species. |
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Ocean currents are important in the study of marine debris, and vice versa. |
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Ocean currents can also be used for marine power generation, with areas off of Japan, Florida and Hawaii being considered for test projects. |
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Fishes of myriad varieties are the main predators in most of the world's water bodies, both freshwater and marine. |
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The Sea Empress disaster occurred in Britain's only coastal national park and in one of only three UK marine nature reserves. |
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Our picture of Precambrian marine diversity is dominated by small fossils known as acritarchs. |
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Ecological complexity among marine animals increased in the Cambrian, as well later in the Ordovician. |
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During the Ordovician, in fact during the Tremadocian, marine transgressions worldwide were the greatest for which evidence is preserved. |
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Like many auks, puffins eat both fish and zooplankton, but feed their chicks primarily with small marine fish several times a day. |
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A recent study suggests the razorbill's diet is affected by local and regional environmental conditions in the marine environment. |
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The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. |
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Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution. |
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Fish and squid are the main food, but the false killer whale and the orca also feed on other marine mammals. |
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Dolphin echolocation clicks are amongst the loudest sounds made by marine animals. |
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He drowned but was transfigured as the marine deity Palaemon, while his mother became Leucothea. |
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In Shark Bay, dolphins place a marine sponge on their rostrum, presumably to protect it when searching for food on the sandy sea bottom. |
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Each dolphin has a unique whistle that functions like a name, allowing the marine mammals to keep close social bonds. |
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The town has a heritage centre and marine wildlife centre, as well as the usual collection of shops and restaurants. |
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Eel larvae drift in the surface waters of the sea, feeding on marine snow, small particles that float in the water. |
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They are fed a meal produced from catching other wild fish and other marine organisms. |
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Raw salmon flesh may contain Anisakis nematodes, marine parasites that cause anisakiasis. |
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Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones. |
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There are different styles and periods, and subgenres of marine and animal painting, as well as a distinct style of Italianate landscape. |
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Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. |
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The hot water modifies the environmental conditions for marine flora and fauna. |
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This type of ecological succession from a freshwater to marine ecosystem is typical of river estuaries. |
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Pembrokeshire's wildlife is diverse, with marine, estuary, ancient woodland, moorland and farmland habitats all within the county. |
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Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection and maintenance. |
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In this type of estuary, river output greatly exceeds marine input and tidal effects have a minor importance. |
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As tidal forcing increases, river output becomes less than the marine input. |
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Many marine fish use salt marshes as nursery grounds for their young before they move to open waters. |
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Any depression in a marine environment where sediments accumulate over time is known as a sediment trap. |
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Among the different proxies, marine facies variation in combination with outcrop area best explains the palaeodiversity curve. |
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Tellina is a widely distributed genus of marine bivalve molluscs, in the family Tellinidae. |
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Modiolus modiolus, common name northern horsemussel, is a species of marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mytilidae. |
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Scallops are the family Pectinidae, marine bivalve molluscs within the superfamily Pectinoidea. |
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Pectinidae is one of the largest marine bivalve families, and containing over 300 extant species in 60 genera. |
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The Pleuronectidae, of marine fishes, have the largest number of reported hybrids. |
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American soles are found in both freshwater and marine environments of the Americas. |
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Examples of meroplankton include the larvae of sea urchins, starfish, crustaceans, marine worms, and most fish. |
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A 2010 study published in Nature reported that marine phytoplankton had declined substantially in the world's oceans over the past century. |
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Most jellyfish are marine animals, although a few hydromedusae inhabit freshwater. |
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Spatial distribution of marine phytoplankton species is restricted both horizontally and vertically. |
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To date, the only buoyancy mechanism successfully demonstrated in marine diatoms is the buoyancy regulation through an ionic pump. |
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Most are marine plankton, but they are common in freshwater habitats, as well. |
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Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. |
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The latest estimates suggest a total of 2,294 living dinoflagellate species, which includes marine, freshwater and parasitic dinoflagellates. |
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They provide a source of locomotion for fish and some other forms of marine life. |
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Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. |
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They attach themselves to bony fish, sharks, marine mammals, and many kinds of invertebrates such as molluscs, tunicates, or corals. |
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They are also popular to hobbyists who want to breed marine species in captivity. |
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A 1993 study clarified the status of genus Chelonia with respect to the other marine turtles. |
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Juveniles and new hatchlings have significantly more predators, including crabs, small marine mammals and shorebirds. |
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In the United Kingdom the species is protected by a Biodiversity Action Plan, due to excess harvesting and marine pollution. |
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The polar bear is also a predator, though it prefers to hunt for marine life from the ice. |
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There are also many birds and marine species endemic to the colder regions. |
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In these cases it is thought that these terrestrial or freshwater birds evolved from marine ancestors. |
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The more marine species, such as petrels, auks and gannets, are more restricted in their habits, but are occasionally seen inland as vagrants. |
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The international ban on the use of drift nets has also helped reduce the mortality of seabirds and other marine wildlife. |
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Most species within this group spend their winters near coastal marine waters. |
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This was the first time the IMO had changed a TSS to help protect marine mammals. |
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Other threats include ingestion of marine debris, ocean noise, and chemical pollution. |
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Some feed exclusively on fish, while others hunt marine mammals such as seals and dolphins. |
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Killer whales are very sophisticated and effective predators of marine mammals. |
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Other marine mammal prey species include nearly 20 species of seal, sea lion and fur seal. |
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In contrast, the marine mammal prey of transients hear well underwater at the frequencies used in killer whale calls. |
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The whale watching industry provides ecotourists and marine mammal enthusiasts the opportunity to see groups of gray whales as they migrate. |
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Besides hunting, pinnipeds also face threats from accidental trapping, marine pollution, and conflicts with local people. |
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As in most marine mammals, the kidneys are divided into small lobes and can effectively absorb water and filter out excess salt. |
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Like other marine mammals, seals sleep in water with half of their brain awake so that they can detect and escape from predators. |
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The underwater vocals of Weddell seals can last 70 seconds, which is long for a marine mammal call. |
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In Inuit mythology, the goddess Sedna rules over the sea and marine animals. |
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In one legend, seals, whales and other marine mammals were formed from her severed fingers. |
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Gillnetting and Seine netting is a significant cause of mortality in seals and other marine mammals. |
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In North America, for example, marine deposits are limited to a few exposures in the west. |
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For the first time foraminifera take a prominent part in the marine faunas. |
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Most of the sharks were marine, but the Xenacanthida invaded fresh waters of the coal swamps. |
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Permian marine deposits are rich in fossil mollusks, echinoderms, and brachiopods. |
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By the close of the Permian, trilobites and a host of other marine groups became extinct. |
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The oceans were inhabited by marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, while pterosaurs were the dominant flying vertebrates. |
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During the Jurassic period, the primary vertebrates living in the sea were fish and marine reptiles. |
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The Early Jurassic was an important time in the evolution of the marine reptiles. |
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In southern Europe, the Cretaceous is usually a marine system consisting of competent limestone beds or incompetent marls. |
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Nonetheless, there is evidence of Antarctic marine glaciation in the Turonian Age. |
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The Hesperornithiformes were flightless, marine diving birds that swam like grebes. |
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Tylosaurus was a large mosasaur, carnivorous marine reptiles that emerged in the late Cretaceous. |
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Offshore wind power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind, even if the wind turbines are placed over water. |
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Marine ecology is the study of how marine organisms interact with each other and the environment. |
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Scientists warn that the dispersed oil, as well as the dispersants themselves, might cause long-term harm to marine life. |
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The North Sea is important for marine transport and its shipping lanes are among the busiest in the world. |
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The most likely hydrocarbon source rocks are Early Jurassic marine mudstones. |
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The need for a common name came to be felt because of the common marine biology, geology and hydrology. |
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Common seals, and harbour porpoises can be found along the coasts, at marine installations, and on islands. |
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Important overseas colonies, a vast merchant marine, powerful navy and large profits made the Dutch the main challengers to an ambitious England. |
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Endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales. |
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A major pioneering innovation in marine engineering was the steam turbine, invented by Charles Algernon Parsons. |
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The zone focusses on technology for low carbon vehicle development, marine offshore and subsea engineering, petrochemicals and renewable energy. |
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After his return to Scotland in 1424, he established a shipbuilding yard at Leith, a house for marine stores, and a workshop. |
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The lack of tides has affected the marine species as compared with the Atlantic. |
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At the time of the invasion, Norway had the 4th largest merchant marine fleet in the world. |
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The Norwegian Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive. |
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At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms. |
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A water jet, or pump jet, is a marine propulsion system that utilizes a jet of water. |
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Crane trotted along the labyrinthine corridors of deck 3, accompanied by a young marine with close-cropped blond hair. |
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In 1971 a proposal was made by the Lundy Field Society to establish a marine reserve. |
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Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs. |
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Most grains in limestone are skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera. |
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The primary source of the calcite in limestone is most commonly marine organisms. |
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The Old Red Sandstone and the contemporary volcanics and marine sediments found in Devon originated from these processes. |
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Offshore exploration and extraction of oil disturbs the surrounding marine environment. |
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Most of his zoology notes are about marine invertebrates, starting with plankton collected in a calm spell. |
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He later published his view that these were marine raised beaches, but then had to accept that they were shorelines of a proglacial lake. |
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Many had been lost in the war, and marine diesel engine had finally matured as an economical and viable alternative to steam power. |
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Hovercraft are hybrid vessels operated by a pilot as an aircraft rather than a captain as a marine vessel. |
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Prior to and during World War I, the expansion engine dominated marine applications, where high vessel speed was not essential. |
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In recent decades, reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines, have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications. |
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It shares a marine border with Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan by the cold, narrow Wakhan Corridor. |
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Kouchner's comments came after another French marine was killed bringing to 29 the number of French forces lost in action. |
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Kuwait's marine and littoral ecosystems contain the bulk of the country's biodiversity heritage. |
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Pilots are also merchant marine officers and are licensed by the Coast Guard. |
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Until the end of the 19th century, sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce. |
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In January 2016, the UK government announced the intention to create a marine protected area around Ascension Island. |
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Notable marine species include the ormer, conger, bass, undulate ray, grey mullet, ballan wrasse and garfish. |
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They survived by utilizing their well trained pugilists, as well as marine and navigation skills, mostly along Sumatran and Javanese estuaries. |
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However it increased speed by preventing the growth of marine weed on the hull, which would otherwise cause drag. |
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Transport in Poland is provided by means of rail, road, marine shipping and air travel. |
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Early British marine radar, working in the metric bands, lacked target discrimination and range. |
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Orkney has significant wind and marine energy resources, and renewable energy has recently come into prominence. |
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The shipyards, marine engineering, steel making, and heavy industry all contributed to the growth of the city. |
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The city has a long, sandy coastline and a marine climate, the latter resulting in chilly summers and mild winters. |
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The Fisheries Research Services are headquartered in Aberdeen, and there is a marine research lab in Torry. |
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The UK government established a marine reserve in April 2010 to mixed reactions from Chagossians. |
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On 1 December 2010, a leaked US Embassy London diplomatic cable exposed British and US communications in creating the marine nature reserve. |
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However, this tradition has now been ended because of the threat that it poses to wildlife, particularly marine. |
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In March 2015 the British government established the largest continuous marine protected area in the world around the Pitcairn Islands. |
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The marine ecosystem is thought to be vulnerable because its low temperatures mean that it can repair itself only very slowly. |
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The Royal Marines are the only European marine force capable of conducting amphibious operations at brigade level. |
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In the Cenozoic marine formation, a considerable number of cetaceans has been discovered. |
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The full reach of his instroke tamped hydranths papillary and marine in her myxoid deep. |
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The oil spills during the Gulf War also drastically affected Kuwait's marine resources. |
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The navy will have coastal patrol squadrons, assault boat squadrons and a marine battalion. |
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The exact extent of exclusive economic zones is a common source of conflicts between states over marine waters. |
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Somalia's territorial waters are prime fishing grounds for highly migratory marine species, such as tuna. |
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Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate. |
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Both marine and freshwater mussels are gonochoristic, with separate male and female individuals. |
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Orkney and Shetland have significant wind and marine energy resources, and renewable energy has recently come into prominence. |
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After his return to Scotland in 1424 he established a shipbuilding yard at Leith, a house for marine stores, and a workshop. |
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Birds, animals, and marine life are often depicted with careful attention to realistic detail. |
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The surrounding waters of the Pentland Firth and the North Sea hold a great diversity of marine life. |
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Boulton and Watt also provided engines for a number of other marine vessels. |
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Anomalocaris was an early marine predator, among the various arthropods of the time. |
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The old jetty at the Fort George Point is the location of the Dolphin Research Centre, with leading marine biologist Prof. |
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Although most marine fishes studied thus far cannot detect sound frequencies above about 500 Hz, at least some clupeids can detect considerably higher frequencies. |
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Cardigan Bay has numerous beaches, and a unique marine life. |
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January is the wettest month of the year for the city and during this time a periodic event, similar to June Gloom, is observed created by marine layer. |
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Ancient hardgrounds are found in limestone sequences and distinguished from later-lithified sediments by evidence of exposure to normal marine waters. |
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Living in an agrarian and maritime culture the people in Indonesian archipelago have been famous in some traditional technologies, particularly in agriculture and marine. |
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Wild killer whales are not considered a threat to humans, but there have been cases of captive orcas killing or injuring their handlers at marine theme parks. |
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According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity in the Raja Ampat Islands is the highest recorded on Earth. |
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In 1911, the Met Office began issuing marine weather forecasts which included gale and storm warnings via radio transmission for areas around Great Britain. |
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In recent decades, overfishing has left many fisheries unproductive, disturbing marine food chain dynamics and costing jobs in the fishing industry. |
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Various international treaties attempt to reduce pollution caused by environmental threats such as oil spills, marine debris, and the incineration of toxic wastes at sea. |
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The facies of the Lower Jurassic in this area are predominantly of clays, thin limestones and siltstones, deposited under fully marine conditions. |
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The most common parasite is the marine dinoflagellates, Blastodinium spp. |
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Estuary type varies dramatically depending on freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any of the other estuary types. |
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Contaminants can be introduced which do not disintegrate rapidly in the marine environment, such as plastics, pesticides, furans, dioxins, phenols and heavy metals. |
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The fauna of the Baltic sea is a mixture of marine and freshwater species. |
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In a few geologically active areas such as the Southern California coast, Pleistocene marine deposits may be found at elevations of several hundred meters. |
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However, several marine species have populations in the Baltic Sea adapted to the low salinity, such as the Baltic Sea herring which is smaller than the Atlantic herring. |
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Initially, when the ice began melting about 10,300 BP, seawater filled the isostatically depressed area, a temporary marine incursion that geologists dub the Yoldia Sea. |
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Norwegian merchant marine ships, often with Norwegian sailors still on board, were then sailing under the British flag and at risk of being sunk by German submarines. |
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Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant bird life and varied marine habitats, and there is a bird observatory at Walney Island. |
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The land is mostly made of hard granite and gneiss rock, but slate, sandstone, and limestone are also common, and the lowest elevations contain marine deposits. |
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For example, it is thought that ammonites were the principal food of mosasaurs, a group of giant marine reptiles that became extinct at the boundary. |
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Most of the sediments containing Cooksonia are marine in nature. |
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Deep ocean water is divided into layers or zones, each with typical features of salinity, pressure, temperature and marine life, according to their depth. |
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The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. |
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Typical of the northern seas, the marine fauna is likewise rich. |
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At this time, marine geophysics surveying for engineering projects was in its infancy, with poor positioning and resolution from seismic profiling. |
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Upwelling is an important process because this water from within and below the pycnocline is often rich in nutrients and greatly benefits the growth of marine organisms. |
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This community lives in or near marine sedimentary environments, from tidal pools along the foreshore, out to the continental shelf, and then down to the abyssal depths. |
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Several species of sea turtles commonly ingest plastic marine debris, and even small quantities of debris can kill sea turtles by obstructing their digestive tracts. |
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Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine animals of the order Sepiida. |
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In 1761 the Royal Navy clad the hull of the frigate HMS Alarm with copper sheet to reduce the growth of marine biofouling and prevent attack by the Teredo shipworm. |
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They feed on crabs, fish, cephalopods, clams, and some marine vegetation. |
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He had some expertise in geology, beetle collecting and dissecting marine invertebrates, but in all other areas was a novice and ably collected specimens for expert appraisal. |
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Although resident killer whales have never been observed to eat other marine mammals, they occasionally harass and kill porpoises and seals for no apparent reason. |
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Due to orcas' complex social bonds and society, many marine experts have concerns about how humane it is to keep these animals in captive situations. |
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Thomas Assheton Smith was an English aristocrat who forwarded the design of the steam yacht in conjunction with the Scottish marine engineer Robert Napier. |
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This is a chart that shows minerals that form the marine evaporite rocks, they are usually the most common minerals that appear in this kind of deposit. |
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The last Victory ships had already been equipped with marine diesels, and diesel engine superseded both steamers and windjammers soon after the World War Two. |
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Life in the Arctic includes organisms living in the ice, zooplankton and phytoplankton, fish and marine mammals, birds, land animals, plants and human societies. |
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It was not until the early 1970s that the technology was used for moving a modular marine barge with a dragline on board for use over soft reclaimed land. |
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A major marine and terrestrial extinction event, the Carboniferous rainforest collapse, occurred in the middle of the period, caused by climate change. |
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This is in contrast to nekton organisms, such as fish, squid and marine mammals, which can swim against the ambient flow and control their position in the environment. |
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In North America, the early Carboniferous is largely marine limestone, which accounts for the division of the Carboniferous into two periods in North American schemes. |
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Their features became adapted for living in the marine environment. |
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Cornwall has varied habitats including terrestrial and marine ecosystems. |
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The dolphin ear has specific adaptations to the marine environment. |
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The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound. |
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Recognition of the importance of mixotrophy as an ecological strategy is increasing, as well as the wider role this may play in marine biogeochemistry. |
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Consequently, merchant marine officers and seamen, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies. |
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There are about 5,000 known species of marine phytoplankton. |
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Large marine mammals include healthy populations of Harbour porpoise, growing numbers of pinnipeds and occasional visits of large whales, including blue whales and orcas. |
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Although there are a number of sea ducks in the family Anatidae that are truly marine in the winter, by convention they are usually excluded from the seabird grouping. |
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Swimming in the sea, windsurfing and other marine sports are practised. |
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In the United States, the best known are the SeaWorld marine mammal parks. |
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Porpoises are very sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances, and are keystone species, which can indicate the overall health of the marine environment. |
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A recent study tracking swimming jellyfish revealed that these medusae can detect marine currents and swim against the current to congregate in blooms. |
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The British lost 16,829 civilian dead, 1,260 civilians were killed in air and naval attacks, 908 civilians were killed at sea and there were 14,661 merchant marine deaths. |
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Sea otters are the only other known marine mammalian tool users. |
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When marine ecosystems become disturbed jellyfish can proliferate. |
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Wedd, who collected marine specimens from the surrounding waters. |
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In the early 18th century the battle was on to improve the determination of longitude at sea, leading to the development of the marine chronometer by John Harrison. |
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The significant wind and marine energy resources are of growing importance, and the island generates more than its total yearly electricity demand using renewables. |
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Bottlenose dolphins are still captured or killed in dolphin drive hunts for their meat, to eliminate competition for fish and for capture for marine parks. |
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At present day the town's primary industries are marine services and tourism, with Dunnottar Castle, a local landmark, bringing in a large number of tourists every year. |
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In eastern North America, marine beds are more common in the older part of the period than the later part and are almost entirely absent by the late Carboniferous. |
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The Anglesey Sea Zoo is a local tourist attraction, providing a look at and descriptions of local marine wildlife from common lobsters to congers. |
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The high sea level and warm climate of the Cretaceous meant large areas of the continents were covered by warm, shallow seas, providing habitat for many marine organisms. |
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Eels, particularly the moray eel, are popular among marine aquarists. |
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The Bermuda rock skink was long thought to have been the only indigenous land vertebrate of Bermuda, discounting the marine turtles that lay their eggs on its beaches. |
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The latter include ichthyosaurs, which were at the peak of their diversity, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs, and marine crocodiles of the families Teleosauridae and Metriorhynchidae. |
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Most species of Carboniferous marine fish have been described largely from teeth, fin spines and dermal ossicles, with smaller freshwater fish preserved whole. |
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The Kittiwake has become a dynamic environment for marine life. |
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In marine mussels, fertilization occurs outside the body, with a larval stage that drifts for three weeks to six months, before settling on a hard surface as a young mussel. |
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These include the CID, drug squad, special branch, firearms, scene of crime examiners, traffic, marine and operations units, sections or departments. |
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The Turks and Caicos Islands feature a relatively dry and sunny marine tropical climate with relatively consistent temperatures throughout the course of the year. |
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In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates form one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although this group is substantially smaller than the diatoms. |
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Marine nutrient bioextraction is the practice of farming and harvesting marine organisms such as shellfish and seaweed for the purpose of reducing nutrient pollution. |
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Herring played a pivotal role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe, and early in the 20th century, their study was fundamental to the evolution of fisheries science. |
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Border issues exist with Malaysia and Indonesia, and both have banned the sale of marine sand to Singapore over disputes about Singapore's land reclamation. |
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According to the company Solar Sailor, hybrid marine power and solar wing technology are suitable for use with ferries, private yachts and even tankers. |
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Similarly, northern parts of Scotland have a tempertate marine climate. |
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After nearly four years in France and on French ships, he joined the British merchant marine and for the next fifteen years served under the Red Ensign. |
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They are usually formed in warm, supersaturated, shallow, highly agitated marine water intertidal environments, though some are formed in inland lakes. |
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In modern popular culture, pinnipeds are often depicted as playful and comical figures based on their performances in zoos, circuses and marine mammal parks. |
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Although the resulting red waves are an unusual sight, they contain toxins that not only affect all marine life in the ocean, but the people who consume them, as well. |
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Dinoflagellate theca can sink rapidly to the seafloor in marine snow. |
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Some organizations, such as the Humane Society of the United States and World Animal Protection, object to keeping pinnipeds and other marine mammals in captivity. |
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