| This process results in malapportionment of institutional power that overwhelmingly favors fighter pilots. |
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| Constitutional or electoral malapportionment must not be confused with gerrymandering a form of arbitrary districting used to benefit the party that at a given time controls the apportionment process. |
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| Carr that malapportionment claims are justiciable apply equally to the question of partisan gerrymandering. |
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| This proportionality somewhat mitigated the very high malapportionment of the electoral college itself. |
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| If geographic areas, for instance, are assumed to have an equal right to be represented because the area is considered to be a viable constituency, malapportionment in terms of population is inevitable. |
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| This rural effect is further amplified by the malapportionment of voters between rural and urban constituencies. |
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| As with women's suffrage, racial equality, and malapportionment, the equal rights of all voters were not always a part of our national experience. |
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| Malapportionment is so severe that Roraima has one deputy per 30,000 voters, while Sao Paulo has one deputy per 400,000 voters. |
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