Air, water, hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbondioxide are known as the Friendly Five. |
|
Like any other hydrocarbons, benzene and methylbenzene burn in a plentiful supply of oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water. |
|
Will it in the meantime be made from hydrocarbons like methane and natural gas? |
|
The present invention relates to a heterogenic rhenium containing catalyst suited particularly to the metathetic reactions of hydrocarbons. |
|
He says the radar echoes indicate that impact craters filled with liquid hydrocarbons may cover as much as 75 percent of Titan's surface. |
|
The latter has a thick atmosphere containing methane, and, it is thought, oceans and lakes containing hydrocarbons. |
|
A new nomenclature system for the linear saturated hydrocarbons is proposed. |
|
These reactions, some of which are run on a large scale in the petroleum industry, are initiated by the protonation of saturated hydrocarbons. |
|
One way to do just this would be to detect the on-going production of hydrocarbons such as propane which cannot be produced by volcanic activity. |
|
The simplest sources are hydrogen-rich compounds like hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide gas and hydrocarbons. |
|
The cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons like the alkanes, but form rings with two hydrogen atoms per carbon. |
|
Base oils contain hydrocarbons that tend to crystallize into waxy materials at low temperatures. |
|
Oil gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons, crude aluminium, refrigerators, freezers and fertilisers top the list of imports from Romania. |
|
Chicxulub drill cores reveal that the target rocks contain hydrocarbons, the vaporization of which could produce soot. |
|
Church air was found to be considerably higher in carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons than air beside roads travelled by 45,000 vehicles daily. |
|
Residents are exposed to photochemical smog, airborne particles, and alkane hydrocarbons. |
|
The reaction of some hydrocarbons with iron ores is exothermic, so that additional heat may not be required. |
|
There are, as you would expect from the simplicity of the alcohol molecule, no complex hydrocarbons emitted. |
|
Tuck in behind an abundant gas giant and you have protection from solar flares and an inexhaustible supply of hydrocarbons and volatiles. |
|
The complete combustion of carbon and hydrocarbons described above rarely occurs in nature. |
|
|
Liquid paraffin is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. |
|
Environmentally safe alternatives, such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, will serve as blowing agents instead. |
|
The reverse process can be carried out where synthesis gas is reacted with a catalyst to give high molecular weight hydrocarbons. |
|
In the presence of organic matter, chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are suspected carcinogens, may be formed. |
|
Exhaust gases include harmful volatile organic compounds or hydrocarbons, chemicals such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide. |
|
The layers of plants and animals slowly broke down into simple substances called hydrocarbons, compounds of hydrogen and carbon. |
|
Burning buildings can produce carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic and sulphurated compounds. |
|
These pollutants include ozone, sulphides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and sulphur oxides. |
|
Most converters use platinum or palladium metal catalysts that convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water vapor. |
|
Without a strict control of hydrocarbons and water, mirror degradation as a result of carbonization, oxidation, or etching will occur. |
|
These aspects include the escape of hydrocarbons from source rocks, leakage of cap rocks, and a variety of near-surface engineering problems. |
|
Methanol and ethanol are most commonly derived from cracking petroleum into smaller hydrocarbons. |
|
For many syntheses, this means using such compounds as hydrocarbons and alcohols, plus inorganic acids, metals, halogens, or other compounds. |
|
Waste plastics have a higher calorific value than coal and as they are hydrocarbons produced from oil they burn easily. |
|
Instead, new engines have been designed to run on lower octane gasoline, which is made of hydrocarbons that are resistant to knock. |
|
They are rated based on their ability to resist knocking against a standard mixture of two hydrocarbons, isooctane and heptane. |
|
The bright and dark patterns on Titan's surface may be regions of solid ice and of liquid hydrocarbons. |
|
These unsaturated hydrocarbons are readily oxidised and polymerised, which can reduce the oil's shelf life. |
|
In common with all unsaturated hydrocarbons hydrogen can be added across the double bond to produce ethane. |
|
Oils high in naphthene also contain more impurities such as phytotoxic aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons. |
|
|
Nitrogen oxides can react with hydrocarbons to yield nitric acid, a primary ingredient in acid rain. |
|
Biodiesel reduces emissions such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter. |
|
This catalyst is responsible for converting carbon monoxide and the other hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide. |
|
Cleanliness has been improved as well, with unburnt hydrocarbons being recycled back into the chamber, for another torching. |
|
When these driers are dissolved in aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, they are known as siccatives. |
|
Some of the volatile substances in these products include toluene, chloroform, butane, propane, acetone, and many halogenated hydrocarbons. |
|
As for the rest of the moon, the data shows frozen carbon dioxide, water ice, hydrocarbons and iron minerals all present on the surface. |
|
Net pay is the thickness of a potential reservoir capable of producing water or hydrocarbons. |
|
Other aviation gases include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, which contribute to acid rain. |
|
They jam the roads, stop and start on bridges, pour hydrocarbons into the air and jostle for bus seats, all in a mad dash to and from offices. |
|
Like other hydrocarbons with double bonds, addition reactions can occur to change the double bonds to single bonds. |
|
The chemicals included aliphatic hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, isopropanol, limonene, naphtha, oils, and varnishes. |
|
The samples showed high concentrations of methane, ethane, butane, and propane, gases in a class of hydrocarbons called alkanes. |
|
Ozone is produced when sunlight triggers chemical reactions involving reactive hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. |
|
Derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, aromatic hydrocarbons tend to be reactive. |
|
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, glycols and higher alcohols are not corrosive to magnesium and its alloys. |
|
So that would have told you at least one of or both contained entrained hydrocarbons? |
|
The new targets relate to a number of chemicals including benzene, carbon monoxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Thermatoga microorganisms are known to play a role in the anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons to alcohols, organic acids and carbon dioxide. |
|
It is a mixture of esters of alcohols and acids, and some high molecular weight hydrocarbons. |
|
|
The most polluting methods are the ones that rely on reforming hydrocarbons inside the car. |
|
To be useful in a power-generating fuel cell, hydrocarbons such as gasoline, natural gas or ethanol must be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas. |
|
Among the 4800 constituents of tobacco smoke, researchers have identified more than 100 alkanes, 150 alkenes and 55 alicyclic hydrocarbons. |
|
They are immiscible with many organic solvents, particularly linear hydrocarbons and alicyclics like cyclopentane. |
|
These included formaldehyde, several other aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, organic acids, and alcohols. |
|
The majority of substances identified were aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
For example, alkyl groups can be introduced into aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons by alkylation reactions. |
|
A popular solvent is mineral spirits, a petroleum distillate composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons. |
|
By careful use of appropriate conditions and catalysts alkanes can be converted into other hydrocarbons such as the alkenes and alkynes. |
|
This is one of the most common ways of synthesizing alkenes, double-bonded hydrocarbons. |
|
Chemical mutagens are classified as alkylating agents, cross-linking agents, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Fuels such as petroleum are mixtures of various hydrocarbons, and may contain benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene, and other components. |
|
A dark patch on the surface of Titan, moon of Saturn, might be a lake filled with liquid hydrocarbons, astronomers have said. |
|
They have excavated more than 100,000 cubic metres of fill contaminated with heavy metals, hydrocarbons and dioxins. |
|
Mix gasoline with the right number of hydrocarbons and you get isooctane. |
|
She said other researchers had shown that these ultrafine particles can carry toxic chemicals such as quinones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Included among these compounds are some of the best known of all chemical families, including the hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, and organic acids. |
|
Their decay proceeded without a ready supply of oxygen, producing hydrocarbons like methane instead of oxygen-bearing molecules. |
|
This method of production is still used although oxidation of methane, pyrolysis of alkanes, and cracking of hydrocarbons are more commonly encountered. |
|
A simple rule is that all aromatic and conjugated hydrocarbons consisting of even membered rings and any kind of chain are alternant hydrocarbons. |
|
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of organic compounds having two or more fused aromatic ring structures each based on the structure of benzene. |
|
Because that global economic decline dried up demand for oil, the price of hydrocarbons fell 75 percent. |
|
In common with other unsaturated hydrocarbons, the triple bond can be broken down with the addition of hydrogen, or a number of metals, to produce the appropriate metal salt. |
|
Burning charcoal generates hydrocarbons, particulate air pollution, wildfires, and carbon footprints. |
|
Biodiesel reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulates. |
|
Bombs, missiles, shells and bullets flood the environment with lead, nitrates, nitrites, hydrocarbons, phosphorous, radioactive debris, corrosive and toxic heavy metals. |
|
Exploration for hydrocarbons has resulted in drilling to basement in many basins and, where coal seams occur close to the surface, opencast mining has exposed the strata. |
|
Several hundred million years ago, conditions of burial were such that organisms decayed to form products consisting almost entirely of carbon and hydrocarbons. |
|
But existing controls on certain persistent toxins such as DDT and chlorinated hydrocarbons had begun to prove effective in European and American waters. |
|
Bio-diesel fuelled engines, like their regular fuel counterparts, still emit carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and particulate matter. |
|
Going by bus instead of by car cuts nitrogen oxide pollution by 25 percent, carbon monoxide by 80 percent and hydrocarbons by 90 percent per passenger mile. |
|
When combusting hydrocarbons in an engine, the energy emitted is from the breaking of the carbon and hydrogen bonds ignited in the presence of oxygen from the air. |
|
Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons are the main exhaust pollutants and they are involved in the production of damaging photochemical smog. |
|
The molecules, called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are common in interstellar space, and many believe they were among the raw materials for life. |
|
The earliest substances identified, in 1953, were benzo pyrene, and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, which were known to produce tumours in animal experiments. |
|
Residents of Woburn may also have been exposed to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons as well as to arsenic and chromium compounds in their drinking water. |
|
Poisons left behind under and around Midway Village include benzene, lead, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, a class of compounds that includes many known carcinogens. |
|
In the case of hydrocarbons, delocalisation occurs in Benzene rings, where a hexagon of six carbon atoms has delocalised electrons spread over the whole ring. |
|
During rush hour in the mornings and afternoons, Caribbean cities are dominated by metal, plastic and rubber objects, puffing hydrocarbons and other gases into the atmosphere. |
|
Plastic production is water-intensive and causes air emissions of hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxides. |
|
|
It consists mainly of methane, the simplest hydrocarbon, as well as small amounts of heavier, more complex hydrocarbons such as ethane, butane and propane. |
|
In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons. |
|
Purging is accomplished by pumping inert gas into the tank until hydrocarbons have been sufficiently expelled. |
|
As hydrocarbons were produced the pore pressure declined and the effective stresses increased leading to subsidence. |
|
The sedimentary rocks associated with continental rifts host important deposits of both minerals and hydrocarbons. |
|
In Oregon, the condensed hydrocarbons found in the impinger train may also be analyzed. |
|
The specific mixture of hydrocarbons gives a fuel its characteristic properties, such as boiling point, melting point, density, viscosity, etc. |
|
The captured pollutants range from simple hydrocarbons like benzene to polyaromatic compounds like pyrene. |
|
Conventional vertical wells would be unable to economically retrieve these hydrocarbons. |
|
These methods are usually based on sequestrants, flocculants, or surfactants which extract the hydrocarbons for transport to some other site. |
|
The 2030HS can speciate NOx and hydrocarbons, and can quantify NH3 and Isocyanic acid, which traditional analyzers do not monitor. |
|
Marine resource exploration and exploitation is a significant application of hydrography, principally focused on the search for hydrocarbons. |
|
If hydrocarbons undergo combustion in tight areas, toxic carbon monoxide can form. |
|
Many hydrocarbons are highly flammable, therefore, care should be taken to prevent injury. |
|
Other bacteria such as Lutibacterium anuloederans can also degrade hydrocarbons. |
|
Certain rock strata contain hydrocarbons but have low permeability and are not thick from a vertical perspective. |
|
Oil reserves in sedimentary rocks are the source of hydrocarbons for the energy, transport and petrochemical industries. |
|
When hydrocarbons are concentrated in a trap, an oil field forms, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. |
|
It is stored and shipped in dry, saturated hydrocarbons such as mineral oil. |
|
Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. |
|
|
Many of these mycodiesel hydrocarbons are terpenes, a chemically diverse class of compounds produced by many plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
|
Early Namurian basinal mudstones are the source rocks for these hydrocarbons. |
|
Its proponents advocate the economic benefits of more extensively accessible hydrocarbons. |
|
The well targeted hydrocarbons in Miocene aged sands around 75 km to the northwest of Bertam field, operated by Lundin Malaysia. |
|
Under the COGE Handbook and NI 51-101, naturally occurring hydrocarbons with a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise are classed as bitumen. |
|
Toxicity is greatest with the aromatic hydrocarbons followed by the naphthenes and least with the paraffins. |
|
The lipids can be saturated hydrocarbons, fatty acids such as stearic acid, or glycerides such as tristearin, polyisoprenoids, or cholesterol. |
|
The project envisages the issue of aromatic hydrocarbons, benzol, paraxylene. |
|
Benzo Pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found in Dwr Cymru water at a property near Merthyr Tydfil. |
|
Ultraviolent sunlight chemically converts hazes into tholins, the dark hydrocarbons that color Pluto's surface. |
|
The paper described halogen-free azeotropes composed of various aliphatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic-acid esters, ketones, and ethers. |
|
Hydrobrite PVC Oil is a highly refined liquid paraffin consisting of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic non-polar hydrocarbons. |
|
Many organic compounds, typically the aromatic hydrocarbons, may be also adsorbed on the surface of the solid particles. |
|
Contaminants such as hydrocarbons from pump oil, dirt, and fingerprints will all outgas and limit the chamber's ultimate pressure. |
|
They include nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and a wide range of alkanes, cycloalkanes, terpenes, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbons. |
|
The NT Plasmatron is a high-efficiency low-power solution to gasify solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. |
|
Solid hydrocarbons, including gilsonite, wurtzilite, grahamite, ozokerite, and albertite, are found as veins or pods in some oil shales. |
|
An investigation into the activation and deactivation of chlorinated hydrocarbons to genotoxins in metabolically competent human cells. |
|
It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. |
|
These are believed to live in an area where hydrocarbons are released from the sea bed, known as a cold seep. |
|
|
Ghana produces and exports an abundance of hydrocarbons such as sweet crude oil and natural gas. |
|
The most important pollutants generated in fires are poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polyhalo-genated dibenzodioxins and furans. |
|
Ghana is an average natural resource enriched country possessing industrial minerals, hydrocarbons and precious metals. |
|
Largely, these will be various hydrocarbons, among the most useful being polyaromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Dissolvents that are used to fabricate lasures are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Millions of hydrocarbons are known, and they are usually formed by complicated synthetic pathways that seldom involve elementary hydrogen. |
|
Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and Western Australia. |
|
The most toxic parts are the small aromatic solvents and the complex sheets of cyclic structures called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have already been linked to lower IQs, anxiety, depression and attention deficit disorder. |
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are known carcinogens and have been linked to developmental problems. |
|
Unidentified infrared emissions in interstellar space are not caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, new research indicates. |
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of multiphasic organic compounds composed of two or more fused aromatic rings. |
|
Ethnarch Junior only warned that the issue of hydrocarbons should not be part of the negotiations. |
|
It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds. |
|
Aluminium domes and internal floating roofs have been chosen to minimise vapourisation of volatile hydrocarbons stored in the terminal, he explains. |
|
The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. |
|
Organisms capable of utilizing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been isolated and described. |
|
When the scientists analyzed the different types of hydrocarbons within the air samples, they discovered high concentrations of propane and two species of butanes. |
|
Petroleum geologists study the locations of the subsurface of the Earth which can contain extractable hydrocarbons, especially petroleum and natural gas. |
|
It does not require hydrocarbons like current methods of steam reforming. |
|
|
Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing significant amounts of organic matter called kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons can be thermally extracted. |
|
North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea. |
|
Contaminants that are found in the tissues of marine mammals include heavy metals, such as mercury and lead, but also organochlorides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
The Andes Mountains host large ore and salt deposits and some of their eastern fold and thrust belt acts as traps for commercially exploitable amounts of hydrocarbons. |
|
Clathrate hydrates form when water molecules crystallize into a cage-like structure that can contain one or more molecules of natural gas or other hydrocarbons. |
|
Elevated levels of dioxins, trichloroethene, chromium, petroleum hydrocarbons and perchlorate have been found in the burn pit area, officials said. |
|
By boiling off hydrocarbons from the mixed stream of NGLs, individual products such as propane, ethane, butane, iso-butane and pentanes are produced. |
|
The professor is engaged in the production of high molecular weight, planar, partially poorly soluble and sublimable and ionic polycyclic hydrocarbons. |
|
In addition, both oxygen and nitrogen heterocyclic hydrocarbons, such as parent and alkyl homologues of carbazole, quinoline, and pyridine, are present in many crude oils. |
|
The new laboratories, at Geel, in Belgium, will test for heavy metals, mycotoxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, all key food health concerns. |
|
The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. |
|
Tracking the scope of an oil spill may also involve verifying that hydrocarbons collected during an ongoing spill are derived from the active spill or some other source. |
|
Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. |
|
However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water. |
|
Fish along the way were found to have diseased livers from filtering hydrocarbons chemically similar to oil from Deepwater Horizon, causing them immune system problems. |
|
Low prices for hydrocarbons, which are 90 percent of Turkmen exports, caused Turkmenistan to devalue its manat currency by 19 percent at the beginning of the year. |
|
Barghoorn, Schopf and Meinschein found porphyrins related to chlorophyll and hemoglobin, microfossils and optically active hydrocarbons in shale from the Nonesuch formation. |
|
Toluene, n-hexane, methanol, chloroform and carbon disulfide were selected as solvents for extracting hydrocarbons from the decarbonated and silicate-free oil shale. |
|
The properties of hydrocarbons can be correlated with the carbon number. |
|
Economically important hydrocarbons include fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas, and its derivatives such as plastics, paraffin, waxes, solvents and oils. |
|
|
On the other hand, oil shales are source rocks that have not been exposed to heat or pressure long enough to convert their trapped hydrocarbons into crude oil. |
|
These different molecules are separated by fractional distillation at an oil refinery to produce gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, and other hydrocarbons. |
|
Propane and other large hydrocarbons are more desirable because their larger molecules pack more energy and can be easily stored as liquids rather than as pressurized gases. |
|
Common properties of hydrocarbons are the facts that they produce steam, carbon dioxide and heat during combustion and that oxygen is required for combustion to take place. |
|
Despite the Tertiary structuration, the Dragon discovery has proved that potentially commercial volumes of hydrocarbons were retained at least locally in Cardigan Bay. |
|