How to use extinctions in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Unlike previous mass extinctions this current episode is due to the disruptive activities of just one species, man. I recall hearing some scientist mention that mass extinctions seem to occur in very ordered cycles. Note that several Cambrian and early Ordovician mass extinctions are not shown here. Globally, diversity naturally has increased over time, though the great mass extinctions have decreased it for a while. The result will be a series of mass extinctions and a dramatic fall in the planet's biodiversity, as well as its ability to support humankind. During these ice ages, the decrease in global temperature led to mass extinctions. Global mass extinctions are usually explained by one or more physico-chemical causes. So the appearance of the dinosaurs cannot be a direct result of all these extinctions. Each event includes one or more datum points when extinctions and other biotic changes took place. He downplayed the importance of developmental constraints, of mass extinctions, and species selection. The challenge of studying extinctions is that it can be hard to know when a species is finally gone for good. These extinctions become a problem to solve rather than the natural course of things. Just as the mass extinctions were associated with climatic shifts, depressions and recessions often reflect changing economic conditions. Local extinctions of native species may occur at the invading species' own trophic level or at different trophic levels. Some explanations for extinctions and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets. These extinctions included animals such as mammoths and mastodons, the saber-toothed cat, ground sloths and native American horses and camels. Extinction's not a new thing to Tassie, in fact we're probably due for one if you look at the time line of extinctions that have occurred. The archaeologists thus argue that the Clovis hunter should be exonerated as the cause of the North American extinctions. Amphibians are regarded as sentinel vertebrates in the current drama of global extinctions. There are certainly plenty of humps and dips, including deep valleys that correspond to several mass extinctions. Show More Sentences Prominent biologists say we're on par with the five previous mass extinctions in the history of life on earth. Marine fossil evidence tells of numerous extinctions, global mass extinction, and geochemical events. There have been at least five mass extinctions till now, all by natural forces. Regardless of the variables he plugged in, the presence of human hunters triggered mass extinctions. There have been five major mass extinctions and more than 20 minor mass extinctions. The introduction of invasive species that prey upon or outcompete native species is a major cause of recent extinctions. Some scientists use the term extirpation for local extinctions, reserving extinction to mean global extinction. Rugose corals with solitary form, fasciculate colonial form, simple morphology, and high variability also tended to resist the latest Ordovician extinctions. Unlike the fusulinides, lagenides survived both the end-Guadalupian and end-Permian mass extinctions to become dominant elements of the Mesozoic calcareous benthic microfauna. We have more difficulty with the concept of mass extinctions. Ever since the proposal that the mass extinction resulted from a bolide impact, the nature of mass extinctions has been the subject of much debate. Scientists believe that invasions will be the primary cause of extinctions and biodiversity loss in our lake ecosystems in this century. The nature of mass extinctions in particular has been distorted by a combination of post-extinction sampling bias and associated pseudoextinction of paraphyletic groups. From this perspective they are a very successful group having lived on earth through many crises and extinctions. The major difference between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic was one of the largest groups of extinctions in recorded history. The catch is that those same harsh conditions also cause more extinctions, keeping the overall number of species low. Such targets must be achieved by the global community to prevent species extinctions and halt biodiversity loss. But how do mass extinctions perturb these systems in the first place? Comets circulated vital spirits and fuel to the stars, but could also slam into worlds, causing mass extinctions and global destruction. Are we headed for mass extinctions for animal, bird and plant life? Show More Sentences We're facing critical mass extinctions across a whole variety of ecosystems once the two degree level has been crossed, from coral reefs to rainforests. Without this basic knowledge, it will be difficult to determine population trends or to prevent population declines or extinctions. Introduced predators such as rats, cats, dogs, foxes and mongooses are thought to have been responsible for about half of island bird extinctions. The inflow of individuals and genes from surrounding areas can help to reduce local extinctions in forest patches. For Dawkins, gradualism musts also fit the empirical facts, and the empirical facts on extinctions, speciation and periods of relative stasis are mounting. Statistical analysis shows no evidence for a correlation between reversals and extinctions. But whatever the reason, as is always the case following major extinctions, life reorganized itself within the oceans, and tetrapods and plants continued their conquest of the land. The removal of too many plant-eating fish allows algae to overgrow and kill the coral, beginning a chain reaction of local extinctions that quickly grows beyond the reef's natural ability to recover. This process may take decades, or even centuries and, if we view this in a positive light, may give conservationists vital breathing space in their fight to keep extinctions to a minimum. Laurie Godfrey is a biological anthropogologist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst specializing in lemur anatomy, dental development and extinctions. The timing of speciations and extinctions differs for animals living in the same region that have adapted to contrasting habitats, Vrba states. Of course, to check that, we will have to go to the Moon and have a good close look at this extraterrestrial souvenir of one of the biggest extinctions in our history. There's strong evidence to suggest that the massive climate disruptions which appear to have caused the Permian-Triassic extinctions were driven by the outgassing of CO2 from the huge upsurge of volcanicity in Siberia. Hunting and over-exploitation have helped cause many extinctions, including the disappearance of 17 lemur species, the giant tortoise, pygmy hippopotamus, and elephant bird. One important question is whether the extinctions were simultaneous and instantaneous or whether they were nonsynchronous and spread over a long time. Matthew's work, however, emphasized the role of catastrophes in driving speciation similar to French zoologist Georges Cuvier's catastrophist theories in which new species emerged from mass extinctions. In the event of population fluctuations, or even local extinctions, the ecosystem would still be able to support the recolonization and success of its plants and animals. Significant biodiversity losses and extinctions are happening right now, and flagship species such as the Royal Bengal tiger in India are under threat. The end-Permian extinction was perhaps the greatest of the five great mass extinctions, and it happened during another truly terrible time for living things. Earth's history is marked by a number of major mass extinctions of species, triggered by volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts and release of methane from sediments. Show More Sentences But as our special report this week argues, greater human prosperity now offers other species their best chance of hanging on. What did for the dinosaursThere have been five great extinctions in the history of Earth. As it is, we are contributing to the greatest series of extinctions in the last 65m years, and likely condemning our closest relatives in the process. On land, hunting has contributed to a specific number of species declines or extinctions in the last century, while many others continue to be threatened by illegal hunting today. The IUCN Red List is a compendium of information on the threats to the species, their ecological requirements, where they live, and information on conservation actions that can be used to reduce or prevent extinctions. In many heavily hunted areas, local extinctions are already occurring. What are the differences from previous mass extinctions? The interrelated concepts of geological time, the evolution of life, global mass extinctions, and interdependent earth systems rank among the most fundamental and awesome scientific contributions of all time. Earth has known five large-scale extinctions of living species. Experts have concluded that aquatic invasive species are second only to habitat destruction as a leading cause of biodiversity loss, including local extinctions of species. The extinctions were especially severe in North America where native horses and camels were eliminated. Mass extinctions are often followed by adaptive radiations as existing clades expand to occupy the ecospace emptied by the extinction. Although they are disasters at the time, mass extinctions have sometimes accelerated the evolution of life on earth. The last few decades of the 20th century saw a renewed interest in mass extinctions and their role in the evolution of life on Earth. Those species able to adapt to the changing conditions survived to fill the ecological niches left by the extinctions. Some of these were in mass extinctions such as those at the ends of the Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous periods. Other human factors have led to declines and even extinctions in seabird populations, colonies and species. These extinctions within the Triassic and at its end allowed the dinosaurs to expand into many niches that had become unoccupied. An even more speculative hypothesis is that intense radiation from a nearby supernova was responsible for the extinctions. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. It also appears that the diversity continue to increase over time, especially after mass extinctions. Show More Sentences Habitat destruction has played a key role in extinctions, especially related to tropical forest destruction. We have not documented major extinctions yet, even as climate change drastically alters the biology of many species. Chytrid fungus has decimated frog populations worldwide, and caused extinctions and widespread declines in Australian frogs. Since the Cambrian explosion five further major mass extinctions have significantly exceeded the background extinction rate. Mass extinctions seem to be a mainly Phanerozoic phenomenon, with extinction rates low before large complex organisms arose. Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. The correlation between gigantic volcanic events expressed in the large igneous provinces and mass extinctions was shown for the last 260 Myr. The effects of mass extinctions on plants are somewhat harder to quantify, given the biases inherent in the plant fossil record. Tests of correlations between extinctions and reversals are difficult for a number of reasons. Larger animals are too scarce in the fossil record for good statistics, so paleontologists have analyzed microfossil extinctions. Only one nautiloid group survived the massive extinctions that also destroyed the dinosaurs. Another speculation is that the extinctions are related to several large meteorite impacts that occurred about this time. The Grande Coupure is characterized by widespread extinctions and allopatric speciation in small isolated relict populations. But some more complex scenario involving extinctions and repopulations might also fit the data. In the most severe mass extinctions it may take 15 to 30 million years. These extinctions have happened continuously throughout the history of life, although the rate of extinction spikes in occasional mass extinction events. This wave of extinctions swept off the face of the Earth many of the successful participants of the Great American Interchange, as well as other species that had not migrated. Shortly after the first geomagnetic polarity time scales were produced, scientists began exploring the possibility that reversals could be linked to extinctions. Hypotheses have also been advanced linking reversals to mass extinctions. It may be, however, that the ends of superchrons have caused vigorous convection leading to widespread volcanism, and that the subsequent airborne ash caused extinctions. Show More Sentences Vrba's theory predicts that climate change should affect disparate groups of animals by triggering a round of extinctions and then speciations within a limited time. Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. Absent from this summary is mention of megafaunal extinctions. Recent extinctions can be directly attributable to human influences. Such extinctions are not always apparent from a morphological standpoint. This form of percapita rate, derived from branching theory, is robust to variation in the true extinction rate, including events as dramatic as mass extinctions. This fact, coupled with the fact that the rates do not remain constant, significantly reduces accuracy in estimates of the normal rate of extinctions. However, at low population densities, hares are vulnerable to local extinctions as the available gene pool declines, making inbreeding more likely. Eventually, most paleontologists began to accept the idea that the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous were largely or at least partly due to a massive Earth impact. Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a decrease in speciation than by an increase in extinctions. Based on the fossil record, the background rate of extinctions on Earth is about two to five taxonomic families of marine animals every million years. In 2016, a study found that humans have had a major impact on global genetic diversity as well as extinction rates, including a contribution to megafaunal extinctions. They can also flood various ecosystems on land and may cause extinctions. The extinctions were apparently fairly sudden, at least among vertebrates. There is still debate about the causes of all mass extinctions. The most commonly suggested causes of mass extinctions are listed below. Since 76 percent of rodent genera contain only one species, much phylogenetic diversity could be lost with a comparatively small number of extinctions. Examples from Classical Literature Since then, scientists have only documented 15 ocean extinctions, including animals such as the Caribbean monk seal and the Steller's sea cow. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of extinctions? Words that rhyme with extinctions What is the adjective for extinctions? What is the noun for extinctions? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words extinction extinct exterritoriality externship externs external validity extinctive extinct language extinguish extinguishable extinguishant extinguished 11-letter Words Starting With e ex ext exti extin extinc extinct extincti extinctio extinction