How to use covalent in a sentence

Looking for sentences and phrases with the word covalent? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples The bonding between the ligand and the metal ion is intermediate between covalent and electrostatic. Under these irradiation conditions, another major class of oxidative damage occurs, namely the formation of covalent protein-DNA adducts. In rat liver, it has been shown that tamoxifen forms covalent DNA adducts, implying a genotoxic mechanism for its carcinogenicity in this tissue. The atoms in a polyatomic ion are held together by types of chemical bonds known as covalent bonds. The polymer moieties have a valence orbital bond to the carbonaceous particulate, such as an ionic or covalent bond. We can see that the bond energy decreases as the polarity increases and as the covalent energy decreases. As the number of valence electrons increases, the metallic bond develops some covalent character that contributes to higher melting points. The tosylactivated beads form covalent bonds with any available primary amino or sulfhydryl groups. The particles have functional sites for forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond. Well-known covalent immobilization involves the formation of disulfide, imine, or amide bonds. Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur are among the most prevalent of the elements other than carbon that form covalent compounds. Thus conjugation can occur in molecules in which the unsaturated sites are close in space but are separated by more than a single covalent bond. Finally, the singlestrand religation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is decreased, resulting in a stabilized covalent protein-DNA complex. Electronegativity can be used to predict whether a bond will be a nonpolar covalent bond, a polar covalent bond, or an ionic bond. The oxides, hydrides, and halides are volatile covalent compounds that have low melting points. The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, Na-Cl is ionic, and the C-C bond is pure covalent with each atom sharing the bonding electrons equally. The covalent linkage of the chromophore by copolymerization with MMA does not significantly alter its photophysics. In a covalent diatomic molecule, a difference in the electronegativity of the atoms will result in a dipole moment. These rules are the result of assigning all electrons in a covalent bond to the more electronegative atom in the bond. The three shared pairs of electrons between the two carbon atoms create a triple covalent bond. Show More Sentences Each hydrogen bond between molecules is much weaker than the covalent bonds holding the atoms together within the molecule. Reactions of non-metallic elements to form covalent compounds are atom transfer reactions. In this case a covalent bond has an ionic component and is generally called a polar bond. In chemistry, a polar bond is a type of covalent bond between two atoms or more in which electrons are shared unequally. A polar bond can be thought of as intermediate between a covalent bond and an ionic bond. The perturbation theory given here is adequate to show how the two atoms can form a diatomic molecule through the covalent bonding mechanism. Compared to say, a covalent bond, a hydrogen bond is approximately one tenth of that strength. It correctly accounts for the structures of most covalent compounds of elements other than transition metal complexes. In covalent halides, such as carbon tetrachloride, the bonding electrons are localized in the carbon-chlorine bonds of the individual molecules. In this paper, we synthesized a covalent dimer of alamethicin that was N-terminally linked by a disulfide bond. Bovine SP-B occurs also as covalent trimer, and oligomeric forms of ovine SP-B have been described. Electrons are assigned to atoms in covalent and ionic compounds and the oxidation number of each atom is determined. A diamond is a special kind of covalent network solid, because it consists entirely of covalently bonded carbon atoms. Complex ions are ions that have a molecular structure consisting of a central atom bonded to other atoms by coordinate covalent bonds. The group III and IV elements, on the other hand, tend to form covalent halides. Opposing this tendency is the covalent bond holding the HCl molecule together. To complete an octet, each oxygen must share two electrons in a covalent bond. In a coordinate covalent bond, both electrons are donated by the Logan, a Lewis base, to the metal atom, a Lewis acid. In both cases, the ammonia molecule is acting as a Lewis base, donating the pair of electrons required to form the coordinate covalent bond. High temperatures are required, however, because the metal atoms grip the hydrogen with strong covalent bonds. Show More Sentences For example, electrons in a covalent bond are assigned to the more electronegative atom. The strong forces that hold ions together cause ionic compounds to have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds. In the present analysis, we seek to develop a method suitable for a broader range of chemical environments ranging from ionic to covalent. This electrostatic attraction, called an ionic bond, is much weaker than a covalent bond of shared electrons. Pairs of electrons that are not shared in covalent bonds are lone pairs. The two extremes of molecular bonding are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. To encompass all oxidation-reduction reactions, it is necessary to determine the gain and loss of electrons for covalent as well as ionic and elemental species. The atoms composing macromolecules are held together by covalent chemical bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons. The attractions of molecules for each other are called intermolecular interactions to distinguish them from covalent and ionic bonding, forms of intramolecular interactions. Predictions of the total bond energy for a particular covalent molecule must, therefore, rely largely on mean values of experimentally determined bond energies. The perpetual spin of an electron is an important aspect of the covalent bond. Reactive dyeing directly links the colorant to the fibre by formation of a covalent bond. Many dye-fibre interactions, however, do not involve covalent bond formation. The d-orbitals form a covalent bond with the d-orbitals on the neighbouring atoms. Block copolymers are polymers composed of two or more distinct chains, attached by covalent bonds. When nonmetal atoms with differing electronegativities react, they form molecules with polar covalent bonds. In this case the covalent bonding seems to be preferred over the ionic bond. In essence, ionic bonding is nondirectional, whereas covalent bonding is directional. The 18-electron rule applies particularly to covalent complexes, such as the cyanides, carbonyls, and phosphines. In 1916, Lewis proposed that non-ionic, or covalent, bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms which are held together by such a bond. Show More Sentences Dr. Leibler said conventional rubber consists of huge molecules with strong covalent bonds holding them together. One could constantly pretend That chemistry's covalent bonds Were really lessons all about The power of emotional connection. Others are multicentre covalent bonds, in which the bonding involves more than two atoms. Molecular chemistry is the art of combining atoms by covalent bonds to build molecules. These mechanisms include allosteric regulation, regulation by reversible covalent modification and regulation by control proteins such as calmodulin. Bonding to carbon the halogens form a class of compounds called covalent halides, i.e. they are not electroylytic in nature. A polymeric molecule consists of several thousand chemical repeating units, or monomers, linked together by covalent bonds. In a covalent bond, by contrast, electron pairs are formed when atoms share electrons, rather than transferring them. As the basis for his evaluation of electronegativity, this ionic contribution is the difference between the experimentally observed bond energy and the energy if the bond were nonpolar covalent. The compound lithium hydride, LiH, is a polar covalent solid that reacts with water to liberate hydrogen gas and form basic solutions of the metal hydroxide. A covalent bond is a bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. It involves the covalent attachment of myristate, a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid, to the N-terminal glycine residue of a number of mammalian, viral and fungal proteins. In covalent compounds the valence of an atom may be less obvious. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium. A compound comprising a covalent conjugate of deferoxamine and biotin or derivatives thereof wherein said compound is stable in vivo and capable of binding avidin or streptavidin. Attempts have been made to describe the partial ionic character of covalent bonds on the basis of relative electronegativity of atoms. Phosphine, PR3, is a three-coordinated organophosphorus compound comprising three covalent bonds and an unshared electron pair. This makes covalent bonds less susceptible to disruption. Technology Quarterly Sweeping below deck A good kind of gas-guzzling Encouraging hydrophobia You, robot? Examples of these reaction sequences are shown below: Reactions in which a multiple bond between two atoms becomes partly or fully saturated by covalent attachments at both centres are called addition reactions. The fundamental difference between the transition states in the bimolecular and unimolecular mechanisms is the degree of covalent bonding between the nucleophile and the substrate in the transition state. Show More Sentences Diazo-thiourea film provides a surface with high conductibility for electron transfer and a bed for the covalent coupling of NH2-ssDNA onto the electrode surface. A market-approved drug substance was examined by means of NMR to decide whether a residual solvent was bound by a covalent bond or by an ionic bond. The year 2016 then, marks the 100th anniversary of Lewis's concept of the covalent bond model and electron pairs. The molecules of these products consist of long chains in which polysulfide groups alternate with small organic groups capable of forming two covalent bonds. Each shared electron pair constitutes a covalent bond. Dipole moment is the measure of polarity of a polar covalent bond. Another similarity among the nitrogen elements is the existence of an unshared, or lone, pair of electrons, which remains after the three covalent bonds, or their equivalent, have been formed. Due to its inherent chemical characteristics, only part of the dye that is introduced into the dye bath reacts chemically with the fibre by means of a covalent bond. The d-orbitals from neighbouring ions overlap weakly into covalent bonds. It exerts its therapeutic activity nonsystemically in the lumen of the stomach and small intestine by forming a covalent bond with the active serine site of gastric and pancreatic lipases. The working principle consisted basically in obtaining chemical covalent bonds between the wood and the glue, that could guarantee the glueing process in any circumstance. Termination: chain termination reactions occur when there is no reactive function available or not accessible, leading to a highly cross-linked solid coating in which all components are connected through covalent bonds. Its chemical formula is H2O, meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent bonds. Because the four subunits are so closely linked, the hemoglobin tetramer is called a molecule, even though no covalent bonds occur between the peptide chains of the four subunits. This structural knowledge assisted him in developing an electronegativity scale in which he assigned a number representing a particular atom's power of attracting electrons in a covalent bond. As hydrogen bonds are not covalent, they can be broken and rejoined relatively easily. The highly directional nature of 5f orbitals is responsible for directional covalent bonds in molecules and complexes of plutonium. Of the two, technetium more closely resembles rhenium, particularly in its chemical inertness and tendency to form covalent bonds. A comparison of boiling points for compounds formed by ionic and covalent bonds leads us to this conclusion. These three components are interwoven, and direct covalent linkages exist between the lignin and the hemicellulose. Show More Sentences Compounds in which components share electrons are known as covalent compounds. The covalent bonds that attach reactive dye to natural fibers make them among the most permanent of dyes. Polysulfide, any member of a class of chemical compounds containing one or more groups of atoms of the element sulfur linked together by covalent bonds. Tautomerism, the existence of two or more chemical compounds that are capable of facile interconversion, in many cases merely exchanging a hydrogen atom between two other atoms, to either of which it forms a covalent bond. While for covalent bond this ratio increases with bond strength. If, on the other hand, a covalent bond is formed by a pair of electrons both of which come from one of the two reagents, the process may be described as coordination and its reverse as heterolysis. At the onset of lithiation, an isolated Li interstitial is found to form polar covalent bonds with four nearest host atoms, while the degree of covalency is noticeably greater for Li Si than Li Ge bonds. A thorough study of the electronic structure reveals that the N-terminated interface is the polar covalent bond, and the Ti-terminated interface mainly shows the metallic covalent interaction. It was clear in theory that covalent bonds in biological molecules could provide the structural stability needed to hold genetic information in cells. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most nonmetallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds. The research has demonstrated that covalent drugs can be designed and targeted to irreversibly and covalently bond to molecular domains specific to proteases. This is less applicable to compounds in which lead forms covalent bonds with elements of similar electronegativity such as carbon in organolead compounds. In recent years, at least eight different types of covalent modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, or ubiquitylation, have been described on histone tails. The most commonly used initiators for cationic polymerization are protic acids, Lewis acids, stable organic salts and alkylating or acylating covalent compounds. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent or dative bonding. After setting out the structure and spectra of DNA, they survey interactions by class of drugs, among them intercalating, covalent bonding, and metal containing. After addition of NaIO 4 the catechol groups strongly interact with the thiol groups to form covalent bonds leading to a covalent network between alginate and pluronics. It should be emphasized that the difference in electronegativities, not the absolute electronegativity values, determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar. Van der Waals forces are rather weak compared to covalent bonds. Find more words! Another word for Opposite of Meaning of Rhymes with Sentences with Find word forms Translate from English Translate to English Words With Friends Scrabble Crossword / Codeword Words starting with Words ending with Words containing exactly Words containing letters Pronounce Find conjugations Find names From Afrikaans From Albanian From Amharic From Arabic From Armenian From Azerbaijani From Basque From Belarusian From Bengali From Bosnian From Bulgarian From Catalan From Cebuano From Chichewa From Chinese From Corsican From Croatian From Czech From Danish From Dutch From Esperanto From Estonian From Farsi From Filipino From Finnish From French From Frisian From Galician From Georgian From German From Greek From Gujarati From Haitian Creole From Hausa From Hebrew From Hindi From Hmong From Hungarian From Icelandic From Igbo From Indonesian From Irish From Italian From Japanese From Javanese From Kannada From Kazakh From Khmer From Korean From Kurdish From Kyrgyz From Lao From Latin From Latvian From Lithuanian From Luxembourgish From Macedonian From Malagasy From Malay From Malayalam From Maltese From Maori From Marathi From Mongolian From Burmese From Nepali From Norwegian From Polish From Portuguese From Punjabi From Romanian From Russian From Samoan From Scots Gaelic From Serbian From Sesotho From Shona From Sinhala From Slovak From Slovenian From Somali From Spanish From Sundanese From Swahili From Swedish From Tajik From Tamil From Telugu From Thai From Turkish From Ukrainian From Urdu From Uzbek From Vietnamese From Welsh From Xhosa From Yiddish From Yoruba From Zulu To Afrikaans To Albanian To Amharic To Arabic To Armenian To Azerbaijani To Basque To Belarusian To Bengali To Bosnian To Bulgarian To Catalan To Cebuano To Chichewa To Chinese To Corsican To Croatian To Czech To Danish To Dutch To Esperanto To Estonian To Farsi To Filipino To Finnish To French To Frisian To Galician To Georgian To German To Greek To Gujarati To Haitian Creole To Hausa To Hebrew To Hindi To Hmong To Hungarian To Icelandic To Igbo To Indonesian To Irish To Italian To Japanese To Javanese To Kannada To Kazakh To Khmer To Korean To Kurdish To Kyrgyz To Lao To Latin To Latvian To Lithuanian To Luxembourgish To Macedonian To Malagasy To Malay To Malayalam To Maltese To Maori To Marathi To Mongolian To Burmese To Nepali To Norwegian To Polish To Portuguese To Punjabi To Romanian To Russian To Samoan To Scots Gaelic To Serbian To Sesotho To Shona To Sinhala To Slovak To Slovenian To Somali To Spanish To Sundanese To Swahili To Swedish To Tajik To Tamil To Telugu To Thai To Turkish To Ukrainian To Urdu To Uzbek To Vietnamese To Welsh To Xhosa To Yiddish To Yoruba To Zulu English French Afrikaans Word Albanian Word Arabic Word Bengali Word Chinese Word Croatian Word Czech Word Danish Word Dutch Word English Word Finnish Word French Word German Word Greek Word Hindi Word Hungarian Word Icelandic Word Indonesian Word Italian Word Japanese Word Korean Word Latin Word Malay Word Malayalam Word Marathi Word Nepali Word Norwegian Word Polish Word Portuguese Word Romanian Word Russian Word Serbian Word Slovak Word Spanish Word Swahili Word Swedish Word Tamil Word Telugu Word Thai Word Turkish Word Ukrainian Word Uzbek Word Vietnamese Word Welsh Word All words 2-letter words 3-letter words 4-letter words 5-letter words 6-letter words 7-letter words 8-letter words 9-letter words 10-letter words 11-letter words 12-letter words 13-letter words 14-letter words Plural of Singular of Past tense of Present tense of Verb for Adjective for Adverb for Noun for Meaning of name Origin of name Names meaning Names starting with Names of origin covalent Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search Advanced Word Finder See Also What is another word for covalent? What is the opposite of covalent? Words that rhyme with covalent What is the adverb for covalent? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words couverture couvade couturiers Couturier couturier Couture covalent bond covalent bonds covalent compounds covalently covariance covariances 8-letter Words Starting With c co cov cova coval covale covalen