| After cooling to room temperature, sodium carbonate is added to affect neutralization and to precipitate the crude diacetylmorphine. |
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| The free carbonate fraction is dominated by calcite that probably precipitated during early diagenesis, in contact with diagenetic pore water. |
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| Ladinian strata of the Balaton Highland comprise interbedded marine carbonate and volcaniclastic rocks. |
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| The specimens were then ground to a fine powder and analyzed individually in an X-ray diffractometer to determine carbonate polymorph mineralogy. |
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| It's an otherworldly site, fringed with dunes and studded with bone-white calcium carbonate spires called tufa towers. |
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| The dissolution of calcium carbonate provides only temporary storage of carbon dioxide. |
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| Along the shoreline, pinnacles of calcium carbonate deposits, called tufa, glare white in the sunlight. |
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| This suggests that the micrite grew within pre-existing fine sediment or that clay and carbonate were mixed by intense biological activity. |
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| I am doing a study on the use of calcium carbonate as an extender in paint production. |
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| Particulate fillers like talc or ground calcium carbonate generally increase stiffness, while plasticizers enhance flexibility. |
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| Secretions become viscous and inspissated, and calcium carbonate precipitates, which results in ductal stone formation. |
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| The deposits are attributed to a macrofacies of organic carbonate sediments of the deep-water oceanic zone. |
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| Later, authigenic quartz was precipitated and carbonate phases were partly silicified. |
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| If more alkalinity was needed, then borax, sodium metaborate, sodium carbonate, or even lye were used. |
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| Many rudist species were defined on specimens collected from the El Abra Formation in Mexico, a widespread carbonate platform. |
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| Otoliths consist of calcium carbonate, mainly in the form of aragonite, and organic matter called otoline. |
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| Dolomite, a calcium magnesium carbonate rock, can be found beneath the soil surface. |
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| Karst landscapes are developed wherever soluble carbonate rocks outcrop and where surplus rainfall is available to dissolve the limestone. |
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| Mylonitic limestones are particularly useful rocks for studying deformation mechanisms and fabrics in carbonate rocks. |
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| Most of the anuran saccular volume is filled with a viscous suspension of calcium carbonate crystals. |
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| This effect, called effervescence, is found in many commercial antacid products which use sodium carbonate as an active ingredient. |
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| A new field allows searches on anionic groups such as silicate, phosphate, and carbonate. |
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| A pound of baking soda yields 10.6 ounces of anhydrous sodium carbonate, which is equivalent to 12.4 ounces of monohydrated sodium carbonate. |
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| The barite ore is massive and occurs within residuum derived from carbonate units. |
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| When heated this produces methane gas and a solid residue of sodium carbonate. |
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| Finally, if ammonium carbonate is placed in water, the weak base ammonium carbonate and weak acid carbonic acid are produced. |
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| In carbonate-rich soils, rapid neutralization of rainwater by carbonate minerals restricts the mobilization of aluminosilicates and oxides. |
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| Soap was first made by boiling goat fat, water, and ash high in potassium carbonate. |
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| As carbonate rocks weather, the insoluble fractions are introduced into the cave deposits. |
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| Cream of tartar is made from it, and it is use to acidulate baking powder and ammonium carbonate. |
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| Their roots will penetrate cracks in the rock and produce an organic acid that dissolves calcium carbonate. |
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| It is an uncommon accessory mineral in certain sedimentary carbonate and clay-rich rocks and has been identified as a product of coal-mine fires. |
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| These are accompanied by much smaller sets of petrographic thin sections from Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate strata. |
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| These melts have low silica contents and are dominated by calcium and magnesium carbonate. |
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| Bastnasite, which is sometimes spelled as bastnaesite, is one of a few rare earth carbonate minerals. |
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| Like hematite, some goethite is pseudomorphic after a rhombohedral carbonate mineral. |
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| It was also postulated that the slow settling of organic material from the surface produced the bituminous carbonate layers known as oil shale. |
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| Blue bice, however, has also been used to refer to the pigment produced from grinding the copper carbonate mineral azurite. |
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| The remaining carbonate bioclasts are exclusively calcitic echinoid spines, rare foraminifera, molluscs and bryozoan fragments. |
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| These groups are the silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, oxides, sulfides, and halides. |
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| Stalactites grow when water laden with carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate drips from cracks or holes in the cave's ceiling. |
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| The ocean surrounding Australia is home to several species of sea urchins, which form elaborate exoskeletons made from carbonate minerals. |
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| Karst features are formed by the dissolution of calcium carbonate in limestone bedrock by mildly acidic groundwater. |
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| Marl is a granular or loosely consolidated earthy material comprised largely of shell fragments and calcium carbonate precipitated in ponds. |
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| Organisms as diverse as phytoplankton, corals, crabs and molluscs lay down limestone or calcium carbonate skeletons. |
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| Marine sediments are typically rich in calcium carbonate from shells, but increased acidity causes it to dissolve. |
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| When water becomes supersaturated in dissolved calcium carbonate, solid calcium carbonate can grow by precipitation from the water. |
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| Oolithic limestones are composed of calcium carbonate in concentric spheres that were produced by high wave energy. |
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| Hard deposits in the cells, such as calcium carbonate and silica, may have a pronounced dulling effect on cutting tools. |
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| Loosely speaking, calcium carbonate is limestone and there is an awful lot of limestone present throughout the world. |
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| Use oyster shell lime, which contains calcium carbonate, an excellent addition to our soils. |
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| Siliciclastic sediment is supplemented by skeletal debris of biological origin or by biochemically extracted calcium carbonate. |
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| By studying their calcium carbonate shells, it is possible to determine temperature, salinity and other barometers of the time, she said. |
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| The parasequence is further distinguished by the occurrence of Beedeina bowiensis and B. cf. rockymontana in the carbonate cap rock. |
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| In the low-oxygen conditions there, thick mats of sulfate-reducing bacteria grew on the carbonate rocks. |
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| That allows atmospheric carbon dioxide to infiltrate the weak paste and deeply carbonate the calcium hydroxide and other cement hydrates present. |
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| In Tertiary time, the Batain nappes were unconformably overlain by carbonate and elastic rocks. |
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| Lithium carbonate is the primary treatment for bipolar disease, especially mania. |
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| A frequently used mineral source of blue was azurite, a copper carbonate which was called lapis armenius as it originally came from Armenia. |
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| With the addition of borax or carbonate it gives higher contrast but may generate dichroic fog. |
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| Ammonium carbonate is a byproduct of hartshorn, a substance extracted from deer antlers. |
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| The carmine is used in an aqueous solution with potassium carbonate and potassium chloride. Glycogen stains bright red. |
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| Ernest Rebecq Solvay invented the process of manufacturing sodium carbonate with ammoniac. |
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| Fresh calcium carbonate growth solutions were prepared each day and stored in sealed containers. |
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| If alkaline cleaners that contain sodium carbonate are used, then the cleaners themselves must be removed prior to welding. |
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| Holmes returned to his bench and quickly replaced the hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and sodium carbonate to their proper storage locations. |
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| Calcite and ankerite are present, but the most abundant carbonate is magnesite. |
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| Almost all of the macruran genera display a pattern of occurrence in either fine siliciclastic sediment or carbonate environments. |
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| The correctness of the rate of solubility of the strontia carbonate as given by Bineau is thus confirmed. |
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| Lake Natron has no river outlet, and sodium carbonate accumulates in it, leached out from the surrounding volcanic rocks. |
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| Calcium carbonate exists as whole mountain ranges of chalk, limestone, and marble. |
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| Not only that, but carbonate and sulfite are the chemicals you run out of most often. |
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| There are no Middle-Upper Callovian, Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian sequences preserved on the Jurassic carbonate platform edge in the Oman Mountains. |
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| The cherty carbonate rocks are resistant to weathering, and regions underlain by them may stand above the surrounding terrain. |
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| The matrix varies in composition from black shale to carbonate mudstone and quartzose siltstone. |
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| Both groups received cholecalciferol and calcium carbonate oral supplementation. |
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| These observations point to a complex succession of events all controlling the different carbonate producers, both neritic and pelagic. |
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| Depending upon the intended hydraulicity, calcium carbonate was added for calcium supplementation. |
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| Micrite can precipitate from seawater or form from the breakdown of larger carbonate grains. |
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| The upper unit consists of red continental clastic rocks of presumed Pcrmo-Triassic age, overlain by Triassic carbonate rocks. |
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| This compound is hydrolyzed to nitrate and carbonate and the net effect of this reaction is prevention of nitration and oxidative damage. |
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| At room temperature, sodium carbonate is an odorless, grayish-white powder which is hygroscopic. |
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| At the northern margin carbonate was produced at the outer platform in bivalve banks and at the platform edge in rhodolith pavements. |
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| Basal erosion surfaces are locally overlain by a grey pebble-sized lag of mud chip and pedogenic carbonate clasts. |
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| As a result, the calcium carbonate comes out of solution and is left behind as a tiny bit of solid calcium carbonate. |
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| The sediment was cemented with iron carbonate to form a hard nodule distinct from the shale around it. |
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| The carbonate component is represented by rounded and polished grains of comminuted molluscs. |
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| Mollusc shells are made primarily of calcium carbonate, with traces of strontium and other elements. |
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| Carbonate skins are composed primarily of carbonate, usually calcium carbonate, but the carbonate is sometimes combined with magnesium. |
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| This combination of calcium carbonate and conchiolin is called nacre or mother-of-pearl. |
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| Coal balls are a particular type of carbonate concretion that has been long known for the superb preservation of plant material. |
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| They conclude that carbonate concretionary growth occurs over a depth range from tens to hundreds of metres of burial. |
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| There it combines with carbon dioxide from the air to produce calcium carbonate and water. |
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| Sugar-factory lime is very finely ground calcium carbonate used in the production of sugar from beets. |
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| Tubes closely resembling those of pogonophoran worms are preserved in cold-seep carbonate at the Marmorito locality in the Italian Apennines. |
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| This involved optimising the ratio of ether and carbonate groups in the copolymer. |
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| True verdigris is actually a coating of cupric carbonate formed by weathering on copper, brass and bronze from age. |
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| This points to a minor influence of diagenetic carbonate on the isotopic signal. |
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| Each individual, or zooid, is enclosed in a sheath of tissue, the zooecium, that in many species secretes a rigid skeleton of calcium carbonate. |
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| The result is the formation of solid structures of a porous calcium carbonate rock also known as travertine. |
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| Also, aragonite tends to have much higher amounts of strontium as a trace element in the calcium carbonate. |
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| Until 1997, cadmium carbonate and cadmium chloride were used as fungicides for golf courses and home lawns. |
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| Uraninite occurs with cobalt, nickel, arsenic, and silver minerals in a carbonate gangue at the Solitaria mine, Jaguel district, Argentina. |
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| Acidic proteins are known to trigger carbonate precipitation via matrix mediated processes in microbialites. |
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| In the case of one ion, the all important carbonate ion, the decrease is precipitous. |
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| The geology of the Karaburun Peninsula suggests that the nappes may have been thrust from north of the Mesozoic Karaburun carbonate platform. |
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| One liter of Benedict's solution contains 173 grams sodium citrate, 100 grams sodium carbonate, and 17.3 grams cupric sulfate pentahydrate. |
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| A thin conglomerate, with Miocene carbonate clasts bored by bivalves, and volcanic cobbles, occurs at the base. |
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| Potassium carbonate is deliquescent, which means that it will absorb water from the air. |
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| Following recovery from an acute episode they were treated prophylactically with lithium carbonate and followed for a period of two years. |
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| The most significant user is the glass industry, which uses sodium carbonate to decompose silicates for glass making. |
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| The evidence for extremely fast deposition of carbonate caps is excellent in some areas. |
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| The main raw material that is a compound of polyester resin mixed with calcium carbonate is caste in silicone rubber which helps in giving it an unyielding structure. |
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| When falling into water this ash instantly cements as sodium carbonate and, in this alkaline environment, bone apatite and calcium carbonate fossils are relatively insoluble. |
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| Late in the dry season of central Africa, blooms of red algae grow in expansive mats over a white crust of sodium carbonate on Tanzania's Lake Natron. |
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| I mix two teaspoons of sodium carbonate to a quart of water. |
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| That layer holds minute grains of carbonate rock and volcanic glass. |
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| Well-rounded clasts include lava, volcaniclastic sandstones and bioclastic limestones with nummulites, bryozoa, microbial carbonate and bivalve material. |
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| Some spicules are formed of the mineralized substances calcium carbonate and silica, while others are made of an organic substance called spongin. |
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| The Blubber Point Member, characterized by impure limestone and calcareous sandstone with minor shale, represents shallow, inner carbonate shelf deposition. |
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| Only in low-energy environments is the sea bottom stable enough to allow the benthic, temperate carbonate producers to develop their calcareous skeletons. |
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| When the solution of calcium bicarbonate reaches the open cavern and the water evaporates, carbon dioxide is released and calcium carbonate remains. |
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| Calcium carbonate is quite insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom. |
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| Antacids based on calcium carbonate have been used for over 2,000 years. |
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| When they contain calcium carbonate gas they are described as carbonated. |
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| The Maghrebian belt, forming the main part of Sicily, consists of Permian to Oligocene shelf and basinal carbonate successions, followed by younger terrigenous deposits. |
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| The carbonate products are made up of oolitic grains, oolitic gravels, benthic foraminifers and crinoid ossicles, in decreasing order of abundance. |
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| This study exemplifies very clearly the sort of stratal geometries that result from the progradation of specific, temperate carbonate sedimentary systems. |
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| Jet is black and shiny when polished, and was sometimes inlaid with tin, calcium carbonate or orpiment, a yellow mineral imported from France and Germany. |
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| The Bishri area was part of the Palmyride aulacogen from Late Palaeozoic until Paleogene time, accumulating thousands of metres of clastic and carbonate strata. |
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| This sets up a chemical reaction which turns the gas into nitric acid and the nitric acid is neutralised by calcium carbonate which is also suspended in the paint. |
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| This is substantiated by the presence of eroded Permian carbonate clasts. |
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| Not only that, but the fracture zones were partially coated with a carbonate mineral that fluoresced a pastel bluish-white and phosphoresced a pale greenish-white. |
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| Under such conditions biogenic carbonate may be replaced by phosphorite. |
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| The results indicate a significant quantity of sand and silt in the samples consists of carbonate material, possibly comprising comminuted fossils. |
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| These reef-building rhodophytes are called coralline algae, because they secrete a hard shell of carbonate around themselves, in much the same way that corals do. |
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| Approximately 3 lb of calcium carbonate are needed to neutralize the effect of 1 lb of sulfur applied as elemental sulfur or ammonium polysulfide. |
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| Porous, relatively soft, fine-textured and somewhat friable, chalk normally is white and consists almost wholly of calcium carbonate as the common mineral calcite. |
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| Limestones of the underlying carbonate ramp sediments are primarily packstones containing numerous foraminiferans but they do not contain decapod fossils. |
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| Any or all of these carbonate minerals may have acted as the now-replaced parent to the well-known pseudomorphic, rhombohedral replacements by hematite and goethite. |
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| Calcium carbonate and calcium pyrophosphate are ingredients in toothpaste. |
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| Luminol working solutions with different pH values were prepared by dilution of the luminol stock solution with carbonate buffer or sodium hydroxide. |
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| For example, there may have been some as-yet-unknown condition that made the rates of dissolution of calcium carbonate shells in glacial ages and now different. |
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| Such variables, on a shallow marine carbonate platform developed upon a passive margin, are essentially represented by eustasy, climate, subsidence and sedimentation rate. |
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| Using vinegar to break up the calcium carbonate deposits in your coffee maker? |
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| A method called scrubbing is used to chemically remove the acidic sulfur dioxide by putting it into contact with calcium carbonate which is a base. |
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| Standing urine forms ammonium carbonate which is strongly alkaline. |
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| This article is geared primarily to individuals, students as well as professionals, who are relatively new to carbonate diagenesis and petroleum reservoir rocks. |
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| The mineral, carbonate of lime, assumes an immense diversity of characters, though no one doubts that under all these Protean changes it is one and the same thing. |
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| Coral's hard parts are composed of aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate. |
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| Sometime after lithification of the soft carbonate sediment, dissolution of gypsum took place, selectively producing vast numbers of molds of gypsum nodules. |
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| At the southern margin, longshore drift induced by the southeasterly winds accumulated carbonate sands and gravel in a spit-platform, at the lee side of a protruding cape. |
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| Data from the Pacific Ocean on the distribution of rudists on carbonate platforms confirm that biocalcification crises in shallow-water settings were truly global. |
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| The lithology of the bedrock can vary from basalt to sandstone and various carbonate rocks, but most caves form through the dissolution of limestone. |
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| Nowadays it is often found with malachite, a green copper carbonate. |
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| Basement rocks consist of Tortonian volcanic rocks unconformably overlain by Messinian marine marls, coral-reef limestones and carbonate breccias. |
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| In the upper unit, flat-lying carbonate beds alternate with sands. |
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| The tectonic superimpositions of Cretaceous back reef carbonate deposits on older Mesozoic back reef carbonate rock are visible from Monte Faito to Agerola. |
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| The formation of botryoidal aragonite and clotted micrite was followed by silicification of carbonate phases and precipitation of authigenic quartz. |
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| Like the bicarbonate in blood, calcium carbonate helps return environmental pH to closer-to-normal levels by neutralizing the excessive acid in the water and soil. |
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| The nacre, or mother of pearl, is the innermost layer, which is composed of thin, alternating, laminae of calcium carbonate and an organic material. |
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| Carbonate rocks dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, aragonite or dolomite. |
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| An example of a diagenetic structure common in carbonate rocks is a stylolite. |
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| Calcium carbonate exists in equilibrium with calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at any temperature. |
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| At each temperature there is a partial pressure of carbon dioxide that is in equilibrium with calcium carbonate. |
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| As such water percolates through calcium carbonate rock, the CaCO3 dissolves according to the second trend. |
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| The calcium carbonate becomes less soluble as a result and the excess precipitates as lime scale. |
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| Potassium carbonate is used to produce animal feed supplements, cement, fire extinguishers, food products, photographic chemicals, and textiles. |
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| Potassium carbonate is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearl ash or salts of tartar. |
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| Today, potassium carbonate is prepared commercially by the electrolysis of potassium chloride. |
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| They contain hydrogen peroxide, HOOH in combination with another material like sodium carbonate or urea. |
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| Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, followed by crystallization. |
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| Also, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. |
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| For the reasons given above, it is rich in both calcium carbonate and humus. |
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| Shales may also contain concretions consisting of pyrite, apatite, or various carbonate minerals. |
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| Stromatolites are the predominant features of carbonate rocks formed in Precambrian oceans. |
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| Serpentinite consists essentially of antigorite locally with relict pyroxene, minor magnetite, crisotile and carbonate veins. |
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| It is shown by several studies that precipitation depends on certain allotropic forms of calcium carbonate. |
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| Coastal upwellings are supposed to be effective suppliers of P to the carbonate shelf. |
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| The starting materials were calcium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid and ammonium carbonate. |
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| For formulations C and PTQ, borate and didecyl dimethyl ammonium carbonate indicators, respectively, were used to measure penetration. |
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| A United States company has invented a way of recovering N in the form of solid ammonium carbonate from wastewater. |
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| Baking ammonia, an old-fashioned leavening agent and predecessor to today's baking soda and baking powder, is also known as ammonium carbonate. |
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| In caves, a variety of features collectively called speleothems are formed by deposition of calcium carbonate and other dissolved minerals. |
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| The chemical composition of chalk is calcium carbonate, with minor amounts of silt and clay. |
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| Calcium carbonate dissolved into water may precipitate out where the water discharges some of its dissolved carbon dioxide. |
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| Sulfuric acid then reacts with calcium carbonate, causing increased erosion within the limestone formation. |
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| Aphotic zone carbonate production on a Miocene ramp Central Apennines, Italy. |
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| The terms aquifer, aquiclude, and aquitard are relative in a carbonate sequence because of variability in bedding, jointing, and fracturing. |
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| The procedures were repeated for natrium carbonate with molarity of 2M and 3M as well as natrium caseinate, calcium hydroxide and kieselguhr. |
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| Finally, the sodium hydroxide plus the carbon and more water re-forms the sodium carbonate. |
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| Ilmjarv shows that there was intensive authigenic carbonate deposition since the Boreal up to the Sub-Atlantic. |
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| Strontium gluconate and strontium carbonate also have been used to successfully remineralize bone. |
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| Two major classification schemes, the Folk and the Dunham, are used for identifying limestone and carbonate rocks. |
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| He was finally discharged, after 17 months in hospital, on a combination of carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lithium carbonate and olanzapine. |
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| Calcium carbonate is deposited where evaporation of the water leaves a solution supersaturated with the chemical constituents of calcite. |
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| Other carbonate grains comprising limestones are ooids, peloids, intraclasts, and extraclasts. |
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| It is composed of sabkha evaporites and subaqueous evaporites with thin carbonate interbeds that can be traced for hundreds of kilometers. |
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| The state's carbonate rock is filled with more than 4,000 caves, ten of which are open for tourism. |
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| Mabe pearls are large, with a thin covering of calcium carbonate over the base that had been inserted into the animal. |
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| In shear zones, after penetration of carbon oxide rich hydrothermal solutions, the Serpentinized Magnesium silicates create Magnesium carbonate. |
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| An alternative solution is to convert the CO2 into calcium or magnesium carbonate. |
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| Roasting the carbonate and sulfide minerals in air converts them to oxides. |
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| Sodium carbonate had many uses in the glass, textile, soap, and paper industries. |
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| Adding water separated the soluble sodium carbonate from the calcium sulphide. |
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| In the western Atlantic carbonate platforms dominate large areas, for example the Blake Plateau and Bermuda Rise. |
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| The course will be held in Erlangen from February 20 to 27, 2015, and will cover all classic and modern aspects of carbonate sedimentology. |
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| After carbonate removal, the mass fraction of clay decreased to 104gkg 1 soil. |
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| A series of silts of palustrine origin and beds of carbonate sands and graveis are recorded atc. |
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| A little higher is an outcrop of epidote schist with quartz, carbonate, and magnetite. |
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| The clotted, peloidal microfabric of these laminae is characteristic of algally bound carbonate. |
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| Differential cementation of a Pleistocene carbonate fanglomerate, Guadalupe Mountains. |
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| If the protolith is siliceous carbonate, then calc-silicate minerals will be part of the mineral paragenesis. |
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| Common filler materials such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium carbonate hardly absorb terahertz radiation. |
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| Morphology, taxonomic position and origin of the inarticulated brachiopods with the carbonate shell. |
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| It produces urea, ammonia, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, nitric acid, argon, agricultural ammonium nitrate and methanol. |
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| The team poured sodium carbonate on the fingers Kalyan Mal's right hand and Bihari's trouser pocket which turned pink because of the chemical. |
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| The black liquor inorganics consist mainly of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate. |
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| It is comprised of a detersive surfactant, zeolite builder, phosphate builder, carbonate and cellulosic polymer. |
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| All dinosaurs lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. |
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| Igneous rocks of a carbonate composition do occur rarely, typically as intrusive or extrusive carbonatite. |
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| Comparison of sodium carbonate, cetyl-pyridinium chloride and sodium borate for preservation of sputa for culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
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| The effects of sample treatment and diagenesis on the isotopic integrity of carbonate in biogenic hydroxylapatite. |
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| The electron microscopy of the thrombotic vegetation demonstrated nanobacterium as a nidus for carbonate apatite formation. |
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| Epicontinental shallow sea sediments have a complex cyclic structure in which siliciclastic and carbonate sediments alternate recurrently. |
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| The formation of otolith carbonate is an inorganic reaction where calcium carbonate is precipitated from the endolymphatic fluid. |
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| Native stones are struvite, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate in composition, have no nucleus and are of uniform structure. |
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| Solvent, several types of vinyl ethers, and potassium carbonate were placed in a stainless steel autoclave. |
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| Furthermore, manganese carbonate can be used as a hematinic in the medical industry and as supplement in the food industry. |
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| Nummulites are samples of these creatures which expanded greatly and known as kings of carbonate platforms. |
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| Lead carbonate is slightly soluble in water, is insoluble in basic solution and is soluble in ammonium acetate and in acid solution. |
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| Yellow silver carbonate, Ag2CO3 can be easily prepared by reacting aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate with a deficiency of silver nitrate. |
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| They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells. |
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| The dune is well drained and often dry, and composed of calcium carbonate from seashells. |
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| Like all echinoderms, the Ophiuroidea possess a skeleton of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. |
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| They are supported by an internal skeleton of calcium carbonate plates referred to as vertebral ossicles. |
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| Sea urchins convert aqueous carbon dioxide using a catalytic process involving nickel into the calcium carbonate portion of the test. |
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| Roasting pollucite with calcium carbonate and calcium chloride yields insoluble calcium silicates and soluble caesium chloride. |
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| In the same way, the aluminate, carbonate, or hydroxide may be reduced by magnesium. |
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| Monuments and sculptures made from marble and limestone are particularly vulnerable, as the acids dissolve calcium carbonate. |
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| A halophyte which is tolerant to residual sodium carbonate salinity are called glasswort or saltwort or barilla plants. |
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| The formula would represent calcic carbonate as a compound of a base and an oxyl. |
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| Especially in warm climates, shallow marine environments far offshore mainly see deposition of carbonate rocks. |
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| The shallow, warm water is an ideal habitat for many small organisms that build carbonate skeletons. |
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| Water hardness is classified based on concentration of calcium carbonate the water contains. |
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| This led to the extinction of carbonate producers such as brachiopods and corals that relied on dissolved calcite to survive. |
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| The mineralogic composition of carbonate platforms may be either calcitic or aragonitic. |
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| Seawater is oversaturated in carbonate, so under certain conditions CaCO3 precipitation is possible. |
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| According to these characteristics a classification was created, consisting of three types of carbonate factories. |
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| However, the one most important factor is perhaps the type of carbonate factory. |
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| The reef is the rigid structure of carbonate platforms and is located between the internal lagoon and the slope. |
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| Sedimentary sequences show carbonate platforms as old as the Precambrian, when they were formed by stromatolitic sequences. |
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| In the Cambrian carbonate platforms were built by archaeocyatha, metazoa similar to porifera. |
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| One of the best examples of a carbonate platform is the Dolomites, deposited during the Triassic. |
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| Shells have a high calcium carbonate content, which tends to make the middens alkaline. |
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| The Bahama Banks are the submerged carbonate platforms that make up much of the Bahama Archipelago. |
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| Pedocals rich in calcium carbonate occur in regions of low rainfall and high temperature, and usually bear grasses and brush. |
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| In the case of prolonged periods of anoxia, it has been shown that the turtle shell both releases carbonate buffers and uptakes lactic acid. |
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| In fact potash fertilizers are usually potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, or potassium nitrate. |
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| Sodium carbonate is well known domestically for its everyday use as a water softener. |
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| The manufacture of glass is one of the most important uses of sodium carbonate. |
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| Sodium carbonate acts as a flux for silica, lowering the melting point of the mixture to something achievable without special materials. |
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| Sodium carbonate is also used as a relatively strong base in various settings. |
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| This gives sodium carbonate in solution the ability to attack metals such as aluminium with the release of hydrogen gas. |
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| In addition, unlike chloride ions, which form chlorine gas, carbonate ions are not corrosive to the anodes. |
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| In addition, calcium, zinc, and lead ions all produce white precipitates with carbonate, making it difficult to distinguish between them. |
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| By far the largest consumption of sodium carbonate is in the manufacture of glass, paper, rayon, soaps, and detergents. |
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| Sodium carbonate is used by the brick industry as a wetting agent to reduce the amount of water needed to extrude the clay. |
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| Sodium carbonate is used by the cotton industry to neutralize the sulfuric acid needed for acid delinting of fuzzy cottonseed. |
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| Sodium carbonate, in a solution with common salt, may be used for cleaning silver. |
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| The anhydrous mineral form of sodium carbonate is quite rare and called natrite. |
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| In 1791, the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc patented a process for producing sodium carbonate from salt, sulfuric acid, limestone, and coal. |
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| The sodium carbonate was extracted from the ashes with water, and then collected by allowing the water to evaporate. |
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| In 1861, the Belgian industrial chemist Ernest Solvay developed a method to convert sodium chloride to sodium carbonate using ammonia. |
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| This made it substantially more economical than the Leblanc process, and it soon came to dominate world sodium carbonate production. |
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| The soda ash from glasswort plant ashes was mainly a mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. |
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| In addition in Egypt, naturally occurring sodium carbonate, the mineral natron, was mined from dry lakebeds. |
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| The Leblanc process was a batch process in which sodium chloride was subjected to a series of treatments, eventually producing sodium carbonate. |
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| Second, the calcium and sodium swap their ligands to leave the thermodynamically favorable combination of sodium carbonate and calcium sulfide. |
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| The calcium carbonate, in the form of limestone or chalk, should be low in magnesia and silica. |
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| The solution is then cooled to recrystallize nearly pure sodium carbonate decahydrate. |
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| Calcium carbonate will react with water that is saturated with carbon dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate. |
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| This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rock, forming caverns, and leads to hard water in many regions. |
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| The vast majority of calcium carbonate used in industry is extracted by mining or quarrying. |
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| Industrially important source rocks which are predominantly calcium carbonate include limestone, chalk, marble and travertine. |
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| Eggshells, snail shells and most seashells are predominantly calcium carbonate and can be used as industrial sources of that chemical. |
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| Beyond Earth, strong evidence suggests the presence of calcium carbonate on Mars. |
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| Calcium carbonate is unusual in that its solubility increases with decreasing temperature. |
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| Calcium carbonate is also used in the purification of iron from iron ore in a blast furnace. |
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| Calcium carbonate has traditionally been a major component of blackboard chalk. |
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| In North America, calcium carbonate has begun to replace kaolin in the production of glossy paper. |
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| Calcium carbonate is added to a wide range of trade and do it yourself adhesives, sealants, and decorating fillers. |
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| A paste made from calcium carbonate and deionized water can be used to clean tarnish on silver. |
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| Calcium carbonate is also used as a firming agent in many canned or bottled vegetable products. |
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| His hope was that the calcium carbonate would counter the acid in the stream from acid rain and save the trout that had ceased to spawn. |
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| Currently calcium carbonate is used to neutralize acidic conditions in both soil and water. |
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| Calcium carbonate is a main source for growing Seacrete, or Biorock. |
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| China's lithium carbonate suppliers mainly include spodumene suppliers such as Tianqi Lithium Industries and salt lake suppliers like Qinghai Salt Lake Industry. |
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| The efficacy and safety of magnesium carbonate alone, as a phosphate binder, was examined in a randomized controlled trial in 46 hemodialysis patients. |
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| Another problem is the conversion of dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonate to insoluble calcium and magnesium carbonate when the water is heated. |
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