No one was ever sentenced to 500 lashes for anything during the period of the rightly guided caliphs. |
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The Abbasid caliphs decided to adopt a more deliberate approach to the cultural and intellectual growth of the empire. |
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In the same century, the Buyids, a Persian clan that was also Shi'ite in loyalty, managed to take over the ailing Abassid caliphs in Baghdad. |
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The caliphs ruled that couples should not be separate for more than 4 months without permission, and if they were it was grounds for divorce. |
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There had been a cult of gastronomy at the court of the Sasanian Empire and the caliphs of Baghdad gratefully adopted it. |
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For the next 1,300 years, a succession of Arab, Mameluke, and Ottoman caliphs, beys, and sultans ruled the country. |
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Under the Abbasid caliphs who made it their capital in AD 762, it was a walled centre of culture and learning. |
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Ansari depicts the history of the caliphs as a sordid one of oppression and skullduggery. |
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Ali's supporters in Iraq did not accept the authority of the Umayyad caliphs and chose their own spiritual leaders called Imams. |
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The first of these Caliphs was al-Aziz, who was the first of the Fatimid caliphs to begin his reign in Egypt. |
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In the early 7th century, Muhammad and successive caliphs, took up the Arabic custom of making raids against their enemies. |
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They adjoin the Alhambra Palace, those stately pleasure domes that the Nasrid caliphs decreed should represent paradise on earth. |
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In 762 AD the new rulers, called the Abbasid caliphs, founded a new capital city on the river Tigris. |
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Early Umayyad caliphs and some of the Abbasids who supplanted them employed the title khalifat Allah. |
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The first four caliphs succeeded by acclamation, in accordance with tribal custom. |
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This also brought the Ayyubids closer to the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad. |
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An ample reference section at the end of the book contains lists of rulers including emperors, ecclesiastics, caliphs, khans, and kings of Serbia. |
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Sometimes the names of Fatima, her sons Hasan and Husayn, the first four caliphs and the signs of the zodiac are encountered. |
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The Omayyad dynasty of caliphs ruled from Damascus until 750, when Shiite Muslims, who descended from the caliph Ali, massacred the Omayyad family. |
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The celebrated scholar and calligrapher Ibn Muqla, who served three caliphs of Baghdad as prime minister and died on July 20,941 AD, copied the Quran in the early Naskh style. |
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The great calligrapher, Muhammad ibn Muqla, a vizier at the court of three Abbasid caliphs, was charged with the task of standardising and refining the myriad cursive scripts. |
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Fatimid caliphs paid great attention to the textile industry and appointed a master of Tiraz to supervise textile affairs. |
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Jamāʿī-Sunni learning continued to be patronized by the caliphs and their families. |
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On the reverse of the coin, is the caliph's name, inscribed: al-Musta'sim, the last of the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad. |
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In the Umayyad period Fudayn was owned by Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Amr ibn 'Uthman ibn Affan, whose three daughters were married to Umayyad caliphs. |
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The Fatimid caliphs belonged to the Shia tradition, which claimed descent from the fourth Caliph, Ali, and his wife Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet. |
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A pilgrimage to Medina is often made in conjunction with the pilgrimage to Mecca in order to visit the tombs and shrines of Muhammad, his family, and the first three caliphs. |
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It was the Ottoman caliphs who reinducted, at a later stage, a member of the community into the Jerusalem council. |
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The Umayyad caliphs, particularly Hisham bin 'Abd al-Malik prided themselves on their capacity to transform deserts into lush pleasure gardens for courtly pursuits, such as hunting game. |
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The medieval caliphs were frequently described as the 'shadow of god on earth', while the Ottoman governors ruled under similar deputed authority. |
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His son Shahrukh introduced a new type of dirham, with, obverse, profession of the faith with the name of the first four caliphs on the margin and, on the reverse, his title. |
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The strength of this opposition serves to explain why the caliphs, a few decades later, abandoning their attempt at reorienting religious beliefs, returned to traditional dogma. |
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The attempts by the Turkish Seljuq sultanate to capture Alamūt failed, and soon the Nizārīs were claiming many victims among the generals and statesmen of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate, including two caliphs. |
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In politics Ibn Taymiyyah recognized the legitimacy of the first four caliphs, but he rejected the necessity of having a single caliphate and allowed for the existence of many emirates. |
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The goblet's straight profile reminds us of those drinking vessels held by the caliphs and high dignitaries shown on the Fatimid wood carvings in Cairo. |
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These robes of honour were manufactured for caliphs and high-ranking nobles in the workshops of the royal court. The tiraz were given to local or foreign high-ranking persons as a reward for their services. |
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Traditional Byzantine glass tokens were generally used as monetary weights, and this use was particularly common among Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs as well as among the Egyptian Tulunids and the Aglabid of North Africa. |
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The inscription ends with a prayer on behalf of the Fatimid caliph, and is a well-known Fatimid supplication that ascribes the attribute, al-Tahireen, to the ancestors of the Fatimid caliphs. |
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The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a fair way to have enlarged. |
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The Abbasids built their capital in Baghdad after replacing the Umayyad caliphs from all but the Iberian peninsula. |
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Instead of only societies most elite, such as caliphs and princes, information was something that was offered to everyone. |
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Abbasid caliphs followed the Sassanid and Sasanian influences are obvious in political, social and many affairs of life of Abbasids. |
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In the Mamluk era, the caliphs started to appoint the best judges as ombudsmen. |
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The first Mamluks served the Abbasid caliphs in 9th century Baghdad. |
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Within 150 years of gaining control of Persia, the caliphs were forced to cede power to local dynastic emirs who only nominally acknowledged their authority. |
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The fertile, irrigated vega to the west provided the Caliphs with a lavish table. |
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Now its tangle of Andalusian alleys hide simple whitewashed homes, with long walls screening gardens as luxuriant as anything the Caliphs lovingly tended. |
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