| But large landowners, the boyar aristocracy, retained 60 per cent of the land while 30 per cent of the peasants' plots were under two hectares in size. |
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| The origin of the name of the city is tied to the name of an ancient Moldavian boyar family, named Hincul, owners of large domains in these parts. |
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| The regency then alternated between several feuding boyar families fighting for control. |
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| The boyar court was unable to rule in Ivan's absence and feared the wrath of the Muscovite citizenry. |
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| A boyar envoy departed for Aleksandrova Sloboda to beg Ivan to return to the throne. |
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| He demanded that he should be able to execute and confiscate the estates of traitors without interference from the boyar council or church. |
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| Ivan executed, exiled or forcibly tonsured prominent members of the boyar clans on questionable accusations of conspiracy. |
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| Government functionaries continued to serve, regardless of the ruler's legitimacy or the boyar faction controlling the throne. |
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| The oligarchical faction, headed by the Romanovs, considered it a disgrace to obey a boyar. |
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| Boris had abdicated in 889, leaving the throne to his son Vladimir, who had immediately identified himself with the boyar aristocracy which Boris had done his utmost to crush. |
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| Boyar discovered that the gonadotropin pulses occur only during sleep, but as puberty progresses they can be detected during the day. |
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