The Frisian language is taught in the public schools, but not in the private schools. |
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The overwhelming sense I came away with was that the Frisians are proud of being Frisian and Dutch and are comfortable in their dual identity. |
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Besides, any genetic tree that places English more than one node away from Frisian is too arbitrary to be credible. |
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The Frisian Academy sponsors scholarly publications on Frisian history and culture, including a definitive historical dictionary. |
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Modern Low German is most closely related to High German, Frisian and the Anglo-Saxon ancestor of Modern English. |
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The tribes that came west also split up and developed Proto-Germanic into the languages German, Dutch, and Frisian. |
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In particular, it would be very much in keeping with Frisian practice in this period to use just a single name. |
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They were paid the compliment of being imitated in larger numbers by Frisian forgers later in the century. |
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He is straight talking and straight shooting in the best tradition of northern Holland's Frisian population. |
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Johannes Stinstra was a Mennonite preacher in the Frisian town of Harlingen. |
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The 1991 state budget included an item for the cultural activities of the Frisian ethnic group. |
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The world's first spy novel takes place in Frisian waters mostly off of the German coast not long before World War I begins. |
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There are several Frisian museums, libraries, archives and cultural centres in both countries. |
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He brought no treasures back from the battle to the Frisian king but died in the fight. |
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A Frisian fleet arrived in 1218, and it was John and the Frisians who decided to attack at Damietta. |
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Anglo-Saxon migrants, possibly with some Frisian elements, settled early in East Anglia in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. |
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She also carried on her research, collecting caterpillars on the Frisian heaths and moors and making notes and drawings. |
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It is the language in everyday use everywhere but in Friesland, where ancient Frisian is spoken. |
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An attempt is made to heal the long-standing feud between the Danes and the Frisians by the marriage of the Frisian king Finn to Hildeburh. |
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Closely related to Old Saxon and Old Frisian, it forms part of the Germanic grouping within the Indo-European language system. |
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The other characteristic feature, which Frisian has carried on a step farther than English, is the assibilation of velars before front vowels. |
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His annotations to an incunable edition of Old Frisian law reveal his interest in Anglo-Saxon canon law. |
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So far, I have only encountered this theme in Frisian texts. |
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Frisian is a Germanic language similar to both Dutch and English. |
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This farthest extent of Frisian territory is known as Frisia Magna. |
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At the beginning of the eighth century, Anglo-Saxon and Frisian merchants had sailed up the Seine to Paris, carrying the wine to be sold at the fairs of Saint-Denis. |
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In the Netherlands, Frisian, Turkish, and Arabic are also spoken. |
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Since the 19th century, Frisian has revived as a literary language. |
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No one is demanding that English-speaking Americans be forced to learn Navajo, any more than anyone is demanding that the Dutch of Amsterdam learn Frisian. |
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About half of Friesland's 600,000 residents speak both Dutch and Frisian. |
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When the French occupied the Netherlands, the name for the Frisian department was Frise. |
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Dialects with strong West Frisian substrates, including Low German and Low Franconian, are also spoken in West Frisia. |
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In the northern province of Groningen, people speak Gronings, a Low Saxon dialect with a strong Frisian substrate. |
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It is the largest and most populated island of the West Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea. |
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Its grammar was similar to that of modern German, and its closest relative is Old Frisian. |
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This means that full competence in both Frisian and Dutch is aimed at all pupils in the province, whether they speak Frisian or Dutch at home. |
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This had begun the effort to continuously preserve the Frisian language, which continues unto this day. |
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The trait is believed to have Frisian rather than Hollandic origins, however. |
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The Stellingwerven have been West Frisian for centuries, and Groningen spoke East Frisian in the Middle Ages. |
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Her control of Flanders was challenged by the brother of her late husband, Robert the Frisian. |
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As a West Germanic language, Dutch is related to other languages in that group such as West Frisian, English and German. |
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Geld or Jeld was the Old English and Old Frisian word for money, and still is in Dutch, Frisian, German and Afrikaans. |
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This farthest extent of Frisian territory is sometimes referred to as Frisia Magna. |
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West Frisian is spoken by around 354,000 native speakers and is not threatened. |
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Frisian historical settlement areas, showing areas where a Frisian language is spoken today. |
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Note that the Old Saxon and Old Frisian verbs given here are unattested, almost certainly due to the small nature of the respective corpora. |
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Icelandic, Norwegian and Frisian have retained two productive classes of weak verbs. |
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Around the edges of the North Sea are sizeable islands and archipelagos, including Shetland, Orkney, and the Frisian Islands. |
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Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. |
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Old English is a West Germanic language closely related to Old Frisian and Old Saxon. |
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Frisian is spoken among half a million people who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. |
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However, its minority languages include Sorbian, Romani, Danish and North Frisian, which are officially recognised. |
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Standard German is a West Germanic language and is closely related to and classified alongside Low German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian and English. |
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Around 879, another Viking raided the Frisian lands, Godfrid, Duke of Frisia. |
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The language and culture of most of the people who lived in the County of Holland were originally Frisian. |
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West Frisian has a formal status for government correspondence in that province. |
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The equivalent word is also to be found in Frisian, Dutch, Norwegian, and Icelandic. |
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Frysk Hynder is a Dutch single malt, distilled and bottled in the Frisian Us Heit Distillery. |
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They are common along much of the eastern coast of the United States and the Frisian Islands. |
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The Danish Wadden Sea Islands and the German North Frisian Islands stretch along the southwest coast of Jutland in the German Bight. |
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Generally, the term Frisian Islands is used for the islands where Frisian is spoken and the population is ethnically Frisian. |
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The Dutch West Frisian and the German East Frisian Islands are barrier islands. |
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The devastation by floods and the losses of land weakened the Frisian community. |
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Since 1956, West Frisian has an official status along with and equal to Dutch in the province of Friesland. |
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It is used in many domains of Frisian society, among which are education, legislation, and administration. |
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Also, they can take the oath in Frisian in courts anywhere in the Netherlands. |
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Primary education in Friesland was made bilingual in 1956, which means West Frisian can be used as a teaching medium. |
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Within ISO 639 West Frisian falls under the codes 'fy' and 'fry', which were assigned to the collective Frisian languages. |
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In the Netherlands, West Frisian can refer to the local language spoken in the regions of Hoorn, Enkhuizen and Medemblik. |
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Note that in Germany, Low German has replaced the Frisian languages in many regions. |
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Some classify the northern dialects of Low German together with English and Frisian as the North Sea Germanic or Ingvaeonic languages. |
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North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. |
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The language is part of the larger group of the West Germanic Frisian languages. |
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North Frisian is closely related to the Saterland Frisian language of Northwest Germany and West Frisian which is spoken in the Netherlands. |
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The Eiderstedt Frisian on the Eiderstedt peninsula were abandoned in favour of Low German during the 17th and 18th centuries. |
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Due to the large number of dialects there is no original native name for the North Frisian language as such. |
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The North Frisian dialects differ from modern Standard German by a more diverse system of vowels and consonants. |
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Officially the number of North Frisian speakers ranges from 8,000 to 10,000 but linguists propose significantly lower numbers. |
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North Frisian is an endangered language, as in most places children no longer learn it. |
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The other dialects are in fact seriously endangered, like Karrharde Frisian, Central Goesharde and Halligen Frisian. |
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The Frisian languages spoken in Germany are excluded from the German dialects. |
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Danish, German, Low German and North Frisian are the official languages of the state. |
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During the language change in the 19th century some Danish and North Frisian dialects in Southern Schleswig were replaced by German. |
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The Germanic flotilla was destroyed in a naval engagement, Gannascus was driven out, and Frisian territory was forcibly occupied. |
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The other Frisian languages, meanwhile, have been influenced by German, Low German, and Danish. |
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The North Frisian language especially is further segmented into several strongly diverse dialects. |
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An increasing number of native Dutch speakers in the province are learning Frisian as a second language. |
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Speakers who had West Frisian as their first language often maintained the West Frisian system of no homophony when speaking West Frisian. |
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Speakers of the many Frisian dialects may also be found in the United States and Canada. |
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Recent attempts have allowed Frisian be used somewhat more in some of the domains of education, media and public administration. |
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Moreover, Frisian runs the risk of dissolving into Dutch, especially in Friesland, where both languages are used. |
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His example was not followed until the 19th century, when entire generations of Frisian authors and poets appeared. |
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Under Charlemagne codifications were also made of the Saxon law and the Frisian law. |
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A Carolingian denarius replaced the Merovingian one, and the Frisian penning, in Gaul from 755 to the eleventh century. |
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Charles ordered the Frisian pagan shrines destroyed, and so wholly subjugated the populace that the region was peaceful for twenty years after. |
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Around 879, Godfrid arrived in Frisian lands as the head of a large force that terrorised the Low Countries. |
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Frisian mercenaries were hired to assist the Roman invasion of Britain in the capacity of cavalry. |
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In general, mutual intelligibility between Dutch and Afrikaans is better than between Dutch and Frisian or between Danish and Swedish. |
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Thus, it affected High German, Low German, Dutch, Frisian and Old English alike. |
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They were likely used from the 5th century onward, recording Old English and Old Frisian. |
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Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian, spoken from the 16th to the 19th century. |
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This region is referred to as Greater Frisia or Frisia Magna, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage. |
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The migration to Britain caused a further split into early Old English and early Old Frisian. |
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The West Frisian language and its urban dialects are spoken by the majority of the inhabitants. |
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In Groningen, on the other hand, Frisian sentiments faded away at the end of the 16th century. |
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Although the Frisian regions have their own separate flags, Frisia as a whole has not historically had a flag of its own. |
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Most speakers of West Frisian live in the province of Friesland in the north of the Netherlands. |
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The largest concentrations of Frisian speakers outside the Netherlands are located in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. |
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At that time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. |
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For example, the West Frisian for cheese and church is tsiis and tsjerke, whereas in Dutch they are kaas and kerk. |
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His example was not followed until the nineteenth century, when entire generations of Frisian authors and poets appeared. |
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In 1951, Frisian language activists, protesting the exclusive use of Dutch in the courts, caused a riot in Leeuwarden. |
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This committee recommended that the Frisian language would receive legal status as a minority language. |
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Several thousand people in Nordfriesland and Heligoland in Germany speak a collection of North Frisian dialects that are often unintelligible to each other. |
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During the 12th century Frisian noblemen and the city of Groningen founded the Upstalsboom League under the slogan of 'Frisian freedom' to counter feudalizing tendencies. |
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Hence, a close relationship exists between Old Frisian and Old English. |
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Generally, Old Frisian phonologically resembles Old English. |
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Because the instruction manual was Frisian, Yves couldn't read it. |
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Other West Germanic languages related to Dutch are German, English and the Frisian languages and the unstandardised languages Low German and Yiddish. |
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It is the most widely spoken of the three Frisian languages. |
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Compare with West Frisian foks, Dutch vos, and German Fuchs. |
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In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Vikings raided the largely defenceless Frisian and Frankish towns lying on the coast and along the rivers of the Low Countries. |
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Apart from the use of West Frisian as a first language, it is also spoken as a second language by about 120,000 people in the province of Friesland. |
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The dialect spoken in the eastern area is thus called Wood Frisian. |
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In the early Middle Ages the Frisian lands stretched from the area around Bruges, in what is now Belgium, to the river Weser, in northern Germany. |
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There are many seaside resorts on the Dutch coast, chiefly in the provinces of North Holland, South Holland and Zeeland, as well as on the West Frisian Islands. |
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This similarity was reinforced in the late Middle Ages by the Ingvaeonic sound shift, which affected Frisian and English, but the other West Germanic varieties hardly at all. |
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It lies between the coast of northwestern continental Europe and the range of Frisian Islands, forming a shallow body of water with tidal flats and wetlands. |
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Up until the fifteenth century West Frisian was widely spoken and written, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. |
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The only plan ever to be carried out was the construction of a causeway from the Frisian Holwerd to Ameland, in 1872, which was not very successful. |
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In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian language, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining. |
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The northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia and the seven East Frisian Islands offshore are popular with tourists. |
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In the west, the Jade extended far into the Frisian peninsula. |
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Frisian was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast, and it is still the language most closely related to English among the living languages of continental Europe. |
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Other West Germanic languages related to Afrikaans are German, English and the Frisian languages and the unstandardised languages Low German and Yiddish. |
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Stadsfries is not Frisian, but a Dutch dialect influenced by West Frisian. |
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The shift took several centuries to spread north, appearing in Dutch only during the 12th century, and in Frisian and Low German not for another century or two after that. |
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The local corresponding North Frisian dialects are still in use. |
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To the North and Northwest, it abuts the Danish and the Frisian languages. |
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Ingvaeonic, also known as North Sea Germanic, is a postulated grouping of the West Germanic languages that comprises Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon. |
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Related verbs and nouns exist in Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Middle Dutch, Dutch, Old High German, Middle High German, and German. |
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The Ried fan de Fryske Beweging is an organization which works for the preservation of the West Frisian language and culture in the Dutch province of Friesland. |
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Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Weser on the European North Sea coast. |
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Nevertheless, Saterland Frisian and most dialects of North Frisian are seriously endangered and West Frisian is considered as vulnerable to being endangered. |
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The phonological system of the North Frisian dialects is strongly being influenced by Standard German and is slowly adapting to that of the German language. |
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With a number of native speakers probably even less than 10,000 and decreasing use in mainland North Frisia, the North Frisian language is endangered. |
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Typically one distinguishes between the following ten dialects that have been spoken since the beginning of Frisian linguistic studies in the 19th century. |
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The mainland and insular dialects clearly differ from each other because they were shaped by Frisian immigrants during several different centuries. |
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By the end of the 6th century, Frisian territory had expanded westward to the North Sea coast and, in the 7th century, southward down to Dorestad. |
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The old Strand Frisian was presumably closest to Halligen Frisian. |
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Up until the 15th century Frisian was a language widely spoken and written, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. |
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Despite the strong differences among the North Frisian dialects there are still some traits of phonology that are more or less common to all dialects. |
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In the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, a high percentage of the population, about 350000, speak Frisian as their first language. |
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