How to use Antarctica in a sentence

Looking for sentences and phrases with the word Antarctica? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples It's a blustery day on Humble Island, a tiny speck of rock tucked into a bight on the south end of Anvers Island, Antarctica. There are islands in Antarctica and parts of northern Canada that are uninhabitable due to the inclemency of the weather. Similar features have been seen in Permian and Triassic conifer trunks from Antarctica and North America. They look just like the rafts of fragmented sea ice that lie off the coast of Antarctica on Earth. The tourists spoke of the moment their cruise in Antarctica turned into a real-life adventure after their liner was holed below the water line. Two Britons were forced to take to a liferaft after their helicopter went down in the sea between Chile and north-west Antarctica. Flights are suspended to Antarctica around the end of February each year when the Southern Hemisphere winter makes it too cold to fly. The answer could be that in the Antarctica snowfields, they are subject to intensive UV irradiation which causes ionisation. The Sirius Group is a complex sedimentary deposit of different geological age and palaeoenvironments in different parts of Antarctica. An unusually cold season had brought the ice fields off the coast of Antarctica farther out than ever previously recorded. Celebrity Cruises travels to Antarctica with the polar ice-breaker Kapitan Khlebnikov, a refitted 1980's Russian polar research vessel. In 1901, Robert Scott left London and took a team with dogs and sledges across part of Antarctica, and many important discoveries were made. Set in Antarctica, it has no human characters but focuses on the natural environment of the frozen continent, especially penguins and skuas. At night, you'll listen to the crack of icebergs calving, reminding you that, while Antarctica might not be far away, everything else is. Next year Williams and Winstanley plan to travel to Antarctica, where they will dive under the ice to paint leopard seals attacking penguins. The U.S mainland is antipodal to the sea that is west of Australia, down near Antarctica. Finally, Antarctica is antipodal to the Arctic Ocean, mostly, as if its core had been pushed southward. It is also likely that the 1913 Scott expedition to Antarctica failed due to the absence of any antiscorbutics. The leaf on the left was collected in Antarctica, and those on the right from South Africa. It's not like the doctor was road-tripping through Antarctica where there's no cell phone coverage. Show More Sentences The hole in the ozone layer was discovered by British scientists in Antarctica working on atmospheric physics. Every Antarctic spring, a hole appears over Antarctica in the stratospheric ozone layer. Other bones of plant-eating dinosaurs, such as hypsilophodontids, were uncovered from the same region of peninsular Antarctica. Not reflected sunlight, but reflected radar beams read by satellite, have given Antarctica new dimensions. The cruise season runs from November to March, the austral summer, and that's the only time it's possible to visit Antarctica. At its peak, during the 1999-2000 austral summer season, nearly 14,000 visitors went to Antarctica. Antarctica is indifferent to humans, but we humans are in awe of Antarctica. Peregrine falcons are found on every continent in the world except Antarctica, primarily from temperate zones to the tundra or arctic regions. Sadly, the ugly arm of slavery reaches far beyond Sudan and shockingly touches every continent except Antarctica. Royal Navy ice patrol ship HMS Endurance has struck an uncharted rock in Antarctica, holing her bilge keel. So some astronomers are quite keen to set up their instruments in Antarctica to take advantage of the thin, cold air. Between 1993 and 2002, seismometers detected 120 subglacial quakes along the east and west coasts of Greenland, 6 in Antarctica, and 1 in Alaska. The helicopter last saw service in Antarctica and is equipped with a full de-icing rig and a power winch. The last total eclipse, solar eclipse in Antarctica, was just over a century ago. This event is a total eclipse of the Moon which will be visible from North and South America as well as Europe, Africa and Antarctica. On Oct.22, 1984, Greenpeace activists first used the ship to protest oil and mineral exploitation in the Antarctica. Presently there are no Patagonian species living in Antarctica nor Antarctic species living in Patagonia. Ozone depletion in the stratosphere also causes the ozone hole that occurs each spring over Antarctica. Black-crowned Night-Herons are a cosmopolitan species, nesting on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Antarctica is the only glaciated continent on the planet, and as such constitutes a unique element in the Earth's environment. Show More Sentences Hardie, a civil engineer by profession, has 11 Himalayan visits and has also been to Antarctica. The current is not, however, continuous around Antarctica and it is absorbed in the two large gyre systems of the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea. Antarctica became isolated from the other continents in the Miocene, leading to the formation of a circumpolar ocean circulation. According to many ornithologists it is the most widespread land bird on the planet, found on every continent except Antarctica. The book begins with a description of the geobotanical regions of Antarctica and an overview of the native flora. Royal Navy ice patrol ship HMS Endurance has been stood down from a rescue in the sea off Antarctica. The emperor penguin is the largest penguin species and also one of the few found in Antarctica. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, sometimes called the West Wind Drift, circles eastward around Antarctica. Today, Norway rats can be found on every continent of the world except Antarctica. Well ironically, that was on an ice yacht in Antarctica, and that would have been in 1971, and of course I was able bodied then. The following three collection sites belong to the continental area of Antarctica. Polar ice shelves are significant and widespread glaciological features in Antarctica. Canadian and New Zealand scientists have found living microbes in the soil of an ice-free region of Antarctica. With South to Antarctica, the Christchurch Symphony became the first orchestra to relay a live videocast direct to Antarctica. Antarctica has been visited only by expeditions with primarily scientific or other non-commercial objectives. In fact, we know that tornadoes have occurred on all continents except Antarctica. Further surveys in the oceans from Antarctica to Hawaii revealed that variants of the photoprotein exist virtually everywhere, in varying colors. In 1997, five skydivers on a tourist flight from Auckland jumped from a plane, hoping to free-fall to Antarctica. The La Meseta Formation is the best exposed and most fossiliferous rock unit of Eocene age in Antarctica. Over the years since then, we have spent billions mapping, measuring and surveying Antarctica from land, sea and space. Show More Sentences Discovered at Reckling Peak, Antarctica, this type of meteorite is known as an achondrite. Cytoplasm of the leaf mesophyll of a D. antarctica plant growing in a wet, fertile habitat on the seashore. The island contains a suite of rocks deposited in a forearc setting to the west of a magmatic arc, formed as the Pacific plate was subducted beneath Antarctica. Right now, I have four young budding scientists with me in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica three young female undergraduates and one male graduate student. Commercial fishing also impacts macaroni penguins in Antarctica. Antarctica is one of the great unexplored areas of the world. The opening of this gateway eventually led to the relative thermal isolation of Antarctica and the creation of the clockwise strong Antarctic circumpolar current. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, in such diverse modes of life as climbers, burrowers, crawlers, aquatic forms, and even gliding types. Maximum precipitation values in Antarctica are found a short way inland at an altitude of about 1600 m, where orographic precipitation is greatest. For a man like him, Antarctica represents the ultimate endurance test. While chlorine and bromine chemicals cause the ozone hole, extremely cold temperatures, especially near the edge of Antarctica, are also key factors in ozone loss. Since being exposed through the earth's upheavals on the top of a mountain in Antarctica, the rest of the fish's body had now unfortunately been eroded away. Around South America is gaining in popularity, and a couple of megaships are sailing to Antarctica once or twice, but not debarking passengers there. Perhaps we workers in Antarctica are regarded as closet revolutionaries? Drilling at Vostok in Antarctica has produced an outstanding record of climate and atmospheric composition on millennial to centennial time scales for the last 420,000 years. All available knowledge showed that crevasses, sastrugi and blizzards were normal in Antarctica, yet throughout his diaries Scott complained about the conditions. Even small changes in the oceanographic conditions in the Southern Ocean, the circumpolar sea around Antarctica, could affect southern right whale population dynamics. This is because of the position of Antarctica, isolated from surrounding land masses with a circumpolar ocean current that cuts it off from warmer water. The air over Antarctica has warmed dramatically over the past 30 years, according to a new study of archived data collected by weather balloons floated over the icy continent. Bert told me that he had made his last trip to Antarctica in 1996, and that at the age of 68 he had decided to hang up his mukluks and finally call it a day. Show More Sentences Using a computer in Antarctica, even inside the base, meant having to wear a wristband to earth oneself from ever-present static electricity shocks. Indigenous to every continent except Antarctica, palms grow in arid deserts and brackish or fresh water swamps, in dry mountainous regions and tropical rain forests. Mr Paton said many whales had been sighted so far during this year's annual migration of the whales north from Antarctica to the Great Barrier Reef. Harry, the expedition patron, announced last month that he will join the gruelling 210-mile trek across Antarctica this winter. Tuff dykes of unusual size invade coarser-grained volcaniclastic rocks of the Jurassic Mawson Formation at Coombs Hills and Allan Hills, Antarctica. The map is missing the whole continent of Antarctica, even though the airline's jumbos are regularly chartered in summer for tourist overflights of Antarctica's coastline. Many of them, more adventurously, are going out into the field where they'll face the intense cold and the relentless winds that make Antarctica a tough place to do science. In 2000, he completed a 40-year bathymetric compilation and topographic interpretation of the greater Indian Ocean, from the northernmost shores to Antarctica. The largest of the terns, the Caspian Tern is one of the most widespread tern species in the world, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Thirty-three years ago, a misty funnel cloud opened up over Antarctica. The unfurling croziers of Dicksonia antarctica, one of the hardiest of ferns, look like a nest of baby orang-utans. Cooling in the late Eocene was thus the beginning of a long-term shift from the cool-temperate climate of the Eocene to the glaciated, polar climate found in Antarctica today. On December 6, Liautaud and his teammate Doug Stoup, set off from Antarctica on a 640-kilometer ski journey to the South Pole. Our research team in Antarctica includes eight biologists who travel south every austral summer to study Weddell seals as they hunt beneath the sea ice. The frozen tundra of Antarctica may soon be further out of reach. Unique geological, glaciological, and meteorological studies continue there from purpose-built bases around the edge of Antarctica or at the South Pole. Shackleton later returned to Antarctica as leader of the Nimrod Expedition in a bid to reach the Pole. However, neither Australia nor Antarctica appear, and the Indian subcontinent is too small. It marks the north edge of the Drake Passage, the strait between South America and Antarctica. However, the meridian passes through Russia and Fiji as well as Antarctica. Show More Sentences Most of the Dieppe maps depict a large land mass entitled Jave la Grande, between what is now Indonesia and Antarctica. Galicia Peak in Vinson Massif, Antarctica is named after the autonomous community of Galicia. Oceania is the smallest continental grouping in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica. The rocks that now form the continent of Zealandia were nestled between Eastern Australia and Western Antarctica. They are found on all continents except Antarctica and in all environments except deserts, though their typical habitat is moorland. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica. It has a worldwide distribution and is found in temperate and tropical regions of all continents except Antarctica. It is doubtful whether the extremely impoverished flora of Antarctica is sufficiently well developed to be considered as blanket bogs. Juncus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Rhynchospora occurs on all continents except Antarctica, but is most diverse in the neotropics. Meanwhile, at Ross Island in Antarctica, Adelie penguins are struggling to feed themselves as melting sea ice breaks away into giant icebergs. For 13 years, researchers collected data on the foraging ability of chick-rearing Adelie penguins on Ross Island, Antarctica. Whatever it is sounds off mostly in winter and spring in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica and the waters off Western Australia. A keen sportsman and an avid adventurist, Air Marshal Gill was a member of seventh and eighth expeditions to Antarctica. This cold mass of water flows from Antarctica to the equator, bringing with it large schools of fish called anchoveta. In the past 12 months, the Department led two important diplomatic efforts in Antarctica. She was also an intrepid traveller and went to Antarctica aged 80 and swam in the Antarctic Ocean. The bank swallow is the smallest swallow in North America and can be found on every continent except Antarctica. In 2003, marine biologist Kirsty Brown, 28, was dragged to her death by a leopard seal as she snorkeled off Antarctica. Southern Right Whales spend the summer close to Antarctica, before moving north in winter for breeding. Show More Sentences A previously unknown species of sea lily has turned up at seamounts more than 1,600 meters below the waves at sites off Antarctica. In January 2010 a team of scientists had set up two crossing lines of seismographs across Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica. It's made of different people from all walks of life attempting an amazing goal to get the microlights to Antarctica. The South Shetland Islands, which lie within the re-named territory, were the first part of Antarctica to be seen, by Englishman William Smith. Gigs on every continent saw Nunatak playing before penguins at a research station in Antarctica. Deschampsia antarctica, Antarctic hairgrass, is the only natural grass species growing in the Antarctic geobotanical zone, widespread all over the Maritime Antarctic. Did it belong to South America or to Antarctica? Where was the junction or separation of the Andean and Antarctican mountain systems? Email is so important in Antarctica. Each expeditioner has an e-dress on board and on the station. We were discussing a new base for our office, but moving to Antarctica seemed too far out. The Aristotle Mountains along the Oscar II Coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, are named after Aristotle. Antarctica was entirely glaciated, much like today, but the ice sheet left no uncovered area. During the last glacial period Antarctica was blanketed by a massive ice sheet, much as it is today. According to ice modelling, ice over central East Antarctica was generally thinner than today. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. At any event, the far southern continental margins of Antarctica and West Gondwana became increasingly less barren. Dependency claims without general international recognition, including all claims in Antarctica, are listed in italics. Most of the world's countries do not recognise any national claims to Antarctica. Barrie befriended Africa explorer Joseph Thomson and Antarctica explorer Robert Falcon Scott. The genus Aquila is distributed across every continent but for South America and Antarctica. Most of Antarctica is too cold and dry to support vegetation, and most of the continent is covered by ice fields. Show More Sentences The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. They can be found all across the world except for Antarctica, Australia, and neighboring islands. Flatfishes are found in oceans worldwide, ranging from the Arctic, through the tropics, to Antarctica. Of these, the trip taken by the Arctic tern is the farthest of any bird, crossing the equator in order to spend the Austral summer in Antarctica. Australia had also separated from Antarctica and was drifting toward Southeast Asia. Of the seven most globally recognized continents, only Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from other continents by ocean. Sometime during the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north towards North America. With the cold water concentrated around Antarctica, sea surface temperatures and, consequently, continental temperatures would have dropped. They include several commercially important species, such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and are found on every continent except Antarctica. They breed on every continent, including the margins of Antarctica, and are found in the high Arctic, as well. Terns have a worldwide distribution, breeding on all continents including Antarctica. During the last glacial period, much of northern Europe, Asia, North America, Greenland and Antarctica was covered by ice sheets. Recent global warming has caused mountain glaciers and the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to melt and global sea level to rise. It may also trigger intraplate earthquakes near the ice margins of Greenland and Antarctica. Antarctica is almost completely covered by ice, making it uninhabitable by rats. One of the most widespread groups of mammals, rodents can be found on every continent except Antarctica. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica and some remote islands. Lizards are found worldwide, excluding the far north and Antarctica, and some islands. This effect is relevant, for example, to ice skating, to the buried lakes of Antarctica, and to the movement of glaciers. Show More Sentences The southernmost point is the islands of Southern Thule, although they are sometimes considered part of Antarctica. The first confirmed sighting of mainland Antarctica cannot be accurately attributed to one single person. Water gets transported around the Southern Ocean fairly rapidly because of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which circulates around Antarctica. The rocky shores of mainland Antarctica and its offshore islands provide nesting space for over 100 million birds every spring. The flightless penguins are all located in the Southern Hemisphere, with the greatest concentration located on and around Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty covers the portion of the globe south of sixty degrees south, it prohibits new claims to Antarctica. Antarctica is a de facto condominium, governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status. Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals. There are a number of rivers and lakes in Antarctica, the longest river being the Onyx. Antarctica is divided in two by the Transantarctic Mountains close to the neck between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. East Antarctica lies on the Indian Ocean side of the Transantarctic Mountains and comprises Coats Land, Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, Mac. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Antarctica is home to more than 70 lakes that lie at the base of the continental ice sheet. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. The geological study of Antarctica has been greatly hindered by nearly all of the continent being permanently covered with a thick layer of ice. Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica. Show More Sentences East Antarctica is colder than its western counterpart because of its higher elevation. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. The snow petrel is one of only three birds that breed exclusively in Antarctica. Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica. In 1983 the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. The United States military issues the Antarctica Service Medal to military members or civilians who serve in Antarctica. McMurdo Station, which is the largest research station in Antarctica, is capable of housing more than 1,000 scientists, visitors, and tourists. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets. Since the 1970s an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. The impacts of the depleted ozone layer on climate changes occurring in Antarctica are not well understood. Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. The extent of sea ice around Antarctica has remained roughly constant in recent decades, although the thickness changes are unclear. East Antarctica is a cold region with a ground base above sea level and occupies most of the continent. There is evidence from one study that Antarctica is warming as a result of human carbon dioxide emissions, but this remains ambiguous. Also, at the same time, Madagascar and India began to separate from Antarctica and moved northward, opening up the Indian Ocean. Meanwhile, Australia split from Antarctica and moved quickly northward, just as India had done more than 40 million years before. Scientists also found evidence of global cooling through the separation of Australia and Antarctica and the formation of the Antarctic Ocean. As a result of the warm air and currents moving northward, Antarctica cooled down so much that it became frigid. The meridian defines the eastern limit of the New Swabia area in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Before the passage opened, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were separated entirely with Antarctica being much warmer and having no ice cap. Show More Sentences Formed around Antarctica, the AABW is cold, has low salinity, and high silicate concentration. They are also found on the east coast of North America and South America, in western Europe and most of Antarctica. This current allows Antarctica to maintain its huge ice sheet by keeping warm ocean waters away. The winds over Antarctica are called the polar easterlies where winds blow from the east to the west. Thus, this westward directed coastal current in Antarctica will push the water towards Antarctica. Again, Ekman transport will push this water to the left of the surface motion, meaning away from Antarctica. Because water just offshore of Antarctica is being pushed away and into Antarctica, it leads to the Antarctic Divergence region. Once the NADW is upwelled to the surface some of it diverges towards Antarctica, gets colder, and sinks back down as Antarctic Bottom Water. The largest icebergs recorded have been calved, or broken off, from the Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica. By the 1970s, icebreaking ships were equipped with automatic transmissions of satellite photographs of ice in Antarctica. In East Antarctica, the ice sheet rests on a major land mass, while in West Antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2,500 m below sea level. Antarctic sea ice anomalies have roughly followed the pattern of warming, with the greatest declines occurring off the coast of West Antarctica. East Antarctica sea ice has been increasing since 1978, though not at a statistically significant rate. In the Late Cretaceous South America started to move west relative to Antarctica. The depopulation is linked to a drop in carbon dioxide levels observed at Law Dome, Antarctica. Most albatrosses range in the Southern Hemisphere from Antarctica to Australia, South Africa and South America. After 1897, the search for dinosaur fossils extended to every continent, including Antarctica. Besides Antarctica, Australia is the only continent that developed without feline species. The Ross Dependency is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica, where it operates the Scott Base research facility. Wulfila Glacier on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Bishop Ulfilas. Show More Sentences In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica. The Antarctica Marathon and Half Marathon's official charity is Oceanites, Inc. The Southern Ocean overturning entails the upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water offshore Antarctica. That achievement was quickly followed by their summit of Mount Vinson Massif in Antarctica. One more mystery has been added tothe seasonal loss of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica. In 2012, the 331st Transportation Company displayed its capabilities during Operation Deep Freeze 2012 in Antarctica. These lower-stratosphere depletions began at the same time particles from the eruption of Chile's Hudson Volcano reached Antarctica. Some 200 million years ago Antarctica was joined to South America, Africa, India and Australia in a single large continent called Gondwanaland. Samba fever could soon grip soft drinks aisles as ABInBev introduces its Brazilian brand Guarana Antarctica this month. Autometrics later assembled similar giant rectified photomosaics for Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean Basin. Highlights of the image include a volcanic plume over the equator near the Philippines and a large polar stratospheric cloud above Antarctica. Polar stratospheric clouds, which drive ozone loss in Antarctica, turned up in force during the most recent Arctic winter. In South Shetland, barren islands in Antarctica, an elephant seal pup, crawled out of the waters and waddled up to the land. Tourists travel all the way to Antarctica to catch a glimpse of emperor penguins, elephant seals, and humpback whales. Because the calving icebergs vary in size, shape, and symmetry, the coast of Antarctica will remain a giant ice sculpture for quite some time. Antarctica was founded in 1999 by search engine pioneer and eXtensible Markup Language co-creator Tim Bray. Loricate and scale-bearing protists from Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. Claims to parts of Antarctica by various countries are not included. Sunshine hits a pristine tower of ice on Ross Island in Antarctica. The field site is located in New Zealand's Ross Dependency in Antarctica and the team includes scientists from New Zealand, Canada, the United States and France. Show More Sentences The former UK Faraday Station in Antarctica was named after him. Lead researcher Nerilie Abram, from the ANU Research School of Earth Sciences, said with greenhouse warming, Antarctica is actually stealing more of Australia's rainfall. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica. British claims in Antarctica are not universally recognised. The carrier stated that if the proving flight is successful, ANZ charter flights could then be used to transport scientists between New Zealand and Antarctica. Shackleton's adventures in Antarctica spark the imagination. This increase is mainly explained by the growth of direct distribution at Antarctica, which also caused a year on year increase in that subsidiary's net sales per hectoliter. Thevideo installation Antarctica by the Irishartist Dorothy Cross, could rival Bayliss's landscapes for sootiness, since her black and white images are projected in reverse. Joel Oleson came across the Gentoo Penguin on a trip to Antarctica. Porter, an adventurous little penguin, lives with his family in Antarctica near the South Pole about the farthest place on Earth you can get from Santa's workshop. In the mid-1970s, the first available satellite images of Antarctica during the polar winter revealed a huge ice-free region within the ice pack of the Weddell Sea. Who are the nations that have staked a claim to Antarctica lands? They are absent from continental Antarctica, parts of the high Arctic, central Greenland, northern and central Australia, and much of the lowland tropics and neotropics. Contrary to what you might think, Antarctica is technically a desert. Unambiguous moss fossils have been recovered from as early as the Permian of Antarctica and Russia, and a case is put forwards for Carboniferous mosses. By 75 Ma, Zealandia was essentially separate from Australia and Antarctica, although only shallow seas might have separated Zealandia and Australia in the north. Hobart is also the home port of the French ship l'Astrolabe, which makes regular supply runs to the French Southern Territories near and in Antarctica. And during the winter, flocks of penguins migrate from Antarctica. Since 1991, Quark Expeditions has specialized in expedition cruising to the Arctic and Antarctica, in ships with ice-strengthened hulls or in icebreakers. Drake Passage or Mar de Hoces between South America and Antarctica. Show More Sentences Antarctica was not always cold, dry, and covered in ice sheets. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached by cold fronts advancing from Antarctica, especially during autumn and winter, causing frequent weather changes. Robert Falcon Scott had also returned to Antarctica with his second expedition, the Terra Nova Expedition, in a race against Amundsen to the Pole. In 1820, a Russian expedition discovered the continent of Antarctica. Antarctica for which the true height of the earth surface, hidden by ice sheet and reduced by glaciation isostasy is not determinable is excluded from calculation. Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain. Work in analogous situations in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, suggests that the ice surface altitude over the mountains might have been around 800m lower than predicted. The arc is formed by continental fragments that once formed a land bridge between South America and Antarctica, once part of the subduction margin that still forms the Andes. South America, on the other hand, was connected only to Antarctica and Australia, two much smaller and less hospitable continents, and only in the early Cenozoic. Marsupials appear to have traveled via Gondwanan land connections from South America through Antarctica to Australia in the late Cretaceous or early Tertiary. When the AAIW is initially formed, the ACC is able to transport the AAIW into all ocean basins because the ACC flows clockwise around Antarctica with no land based boundaries. The NADW water also diverges away from Antarctica when it is upwelled. This motion, together with decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, caused a rapid cooling of Antarctica and allowed glaciers to form. By this time, Gondwana was positioned near the South Pole and glaciers were forming in Antarctica, India, Australia, southern Africa and South America. Challenger sailed close to Antarctica, but not within sight of it. Recent decades have witnessed several dramatic collapses of large ice shelves around the coast of Antarctica, especially along the Antarctic Peninsula. The biggest eruption in Antarctica in the last 10,000 years, the volcanic ash was found deposited on the ice surface under the Hudson Mountains, close to Pine Island Glacier. The Antarctic Treaty prohibits any military activity in Antarctica, including the establishment of military bases and fortifications, military manoeuvres, and weapons testing. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting is advised on environmental and conservation issues in Antarctica by the Committee for Environmental Protection. Show More Sentences Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica. Around 23 Ma, the Drake Passage opened between Antarctica and South America, resulting in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that completely isolated the continent. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica is largely covered by the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. Modern pelicans are found on all continents except Antarctica. During this time, substantial glaciers advanced and retreated over much of North America and Europe, parts of South America and Asia, and all of Antarctica. For a while, it was thought that the glaciation of Antarctica may have significantly contributed to the cooling of the ocean, however, recent evidence tends to deny this. The other major oceanic gateway opening during this time was the Tasman, or Tasmanian, depending on the paper, gateway between Australia and Antarctica. The Drake Passage is located between South America and Antarctica. Cryos ships sperm to every part of the world apart from Antarctica and the company is now planning to set up sperm banks elsewhere to cater to different wishes. It can take you to faraway places, probing the ice caps of Antarctica, studying the tribesmen of Amazonia or diving to the depths of the oceanic abyss. Antarctica became more isolated and finally developed an ice cap. The Arctic tern has the furthest migration, all the way to Antarctica. Deep Ice Coring Project currently being conducted in one of the snowiest regions of the West Antarctica Ice Sheet for studies of climate, ice sheet history and cryobiology. Subsequently, sediments were derived from the Ross Mountain belt in Antarctica, orogens associated with the India-Australia collision and the Proto-Himalayan orogenic belt. Find more words! 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