| The hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate pharyngeal dilator muscles. |
| No nerve cells have been traced to innervate the longitudinal and circular muscle cells of the midgut. |
| This diurnal variation in melatonin synthesis is brought about by norepinephrine secreted by the postganglionic sympathetic nerves that innervate the pineal gland. |
| Gamma motoneurons that innervate the muscle spindles and affect the spindle outflow are often referred to as the fusimotor system. |
| The circumoral nerve ring runs round the mouth and sends fibres to innervate the peristome, mouth and oesophagus. |
| From the brain stem emerge pairs of cranial nerves, analogous to the spinal nerves that innervate the limbs and trunk. |
