| The results show no evidence of a bimodal distribution of vessel lengths as observed for lianas and several other species. |
| When they reach the top of the canopy they often spread to other trees or wrap themselves around other lianas. |
| They are generally considered to be small, scrambling lianas or possibly shrubs. |
| Once exposed to full sunlight at the top of the canopy, lianas often flower and fruit prolifically. |
| Most representatives are lianas, while climbing shrubs and small trees can also be found. |
| Some of the leaves documented in this selection were from lianas grown in this way. |
