| Carbonatites are plutonic rocks from great depth and occur with syenitic intrusions and amongst more exotic minerals can also carry copper-silver and gold. |
| The Chilwa province is composed of several granite, syenite, and nepheline-syenite plutons that are associated with extrusive carbonatites and agglomerates. |
| Next in abundance, although rare in comparison to silicate rocks, are carbonate-based magmas and lavas known as carbonatites, which have little or no silica content. |
| Indeed, pegmatites from gabbros to granites to carbonatites to anorthosites are known. |
| East African volcanoes are famous for their carbonatites, and most of the eruptive magmas were rich in alkalis and natrocarbonatite. |
