| The Abbasid caliphs decided to adopt a more deliberate approach to the cultural and intellectual growth of the empire. |
| Under the Abbasid caliphs who made it their capital in AD 762, it was a walled centre of culture and learning. |
| The first four caliphs succeeded by acclamation, in accordance with tribal custom. |
| In 762 AD the new rulers, called the Abbasid caliphs, founded a new capital city on the river Tigris. |
| They adjoin the Alhambra Palace, those stately pleasure domes that the Nasrid caliphs decreed should represent paradise on earth. |
| Early Umayyad caliphs and some of the Abbasids who supplanted them employed the title khalifat Allah. |
