“For proximal ureteric stones, shock wave lithotripsy is useful if the stone is less than 1 cm in size, and ureteroscopy is more successful for stones larger than 1 cm.”
“Clinical efficacy of combined Lithoclast and Lithovac stone removal during ureteroscopy.”
“The surgical options for large proximal ureteral calculi include ESWL, ureteroscopy, PCNL, and rarely open or laparoscopic surgery.”
ureterostomy
The creation of a stoma (a new, artificial outlet) for a ureter or kidney.
“This technique involves placing an ureteroscope into the urethra the bladder and then finally up the narrow ureters to engage a ureteral stone and break it or remove it.”
“Cystitis cystica, ureteritis cystica, and cystitis glandularis appear as intraluminal polypoid filling defects inside the urinary tract.”
“This is a new treatment in the ureteral strictures resolution in Veterinary Urology, although it is not a common affection, it usually appears as a consequence of ureteritis and in the iatrogenic female genital surgery.”
“Retrograde pyelography revealed an irregular beaded appearance of both ureters consistent with ureteritis cystica.”