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What is a xanthine?

What is a xanthine? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) Any of a group of alkaloids that include caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine as well as the parent compound, a precursor of uric acid found in many organs of the body.
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Production was not abrogated by inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases, and mitochondrial enzymes.
Stones can be composed of calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, phosphate, or all of these.
At Lethbridge, female sheep keds have been found to excrete xanthine and hypoxanthine as well as uric acid.
Unlike mercaptopurine and azathioprine, its metabolism is not inhibited by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol.
Maturation induced by xanthine oxidase was prevented by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase activity, and by N-acetylcysteine.
Xanthinuria, rare inherited disorder of purine metabolism that results from a deficiency in the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

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