| Sinus node dysfunction can occur perioperatively because of increased vagal tone caused by anesthesia or surgical intervention. |
| Cardiovascular neuropathy is a result of damage to vagal and sympathetic nerves. |
| In contrast to the innervation of the proximal esophagus, axons from vagal neurons synapse within ganglia of the myenteric plexus. |
| Increases in arterial flow stimulate efferent vagal outflow, inhibiting sympathetic drive and decreasing blood pressure. |
| Sinus bradycardia is common in normal individuals during sleep and in those with high vagal tone, such as athletes and young healthy adults. |
| The increase in high-frequency cardiac modulation is representative of an increase in vagal tone. |
