| Extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolitotomy and ureteroscopy allow treating urolithiasis. |
| Although the incidence of urolithiasis is lower in children than in adults, the number of children with urolithiasis is increasing. |
| Key words used included kidney stones, urinary calculi, urolithiasis, urinary tract stones, and nephrolithiasis. |
| Clinical experience with urolithiasis has been refined with statistical analysis to provide sound principles for definitive management. |
| The authors prefer computed tomography without contrast when urolithiasis is suspected, and computed tomographic urography when stone disease is clinically unlikely. |
| A preliminary unenhanced acquisition is useful for detecting calcific urolithiasis, which may require specific treatment. |
