| Following the removal of the testa, the seed is cut along the line of the cotyledon suture. |
| Wheat grains consist of the seed coat, or testa, which surrounds the endosperm and embryo. |
| Sufficient moisture must be present to penetrate the testa or seed coat, but not so much that the seed rots or that the oxygen level in the soil is reduced. |
| While the subaleurone cells were intensively labelled, no label was seen in the outer layers of the grain, i.e. in the testa, pericarp and husk. |
| Seeds were scored daily for radicle emergence through the testa or PE envelope. |
| The seeds' hard testa is an effective protective structure allowing them to survive fire, and being passed through the guts of large animals which aid dispersal. |
