| Physicians can inject neurolytic chemicals via percutaneous injection and can perform surgical sympathectomy using an endoscope or through a larger incision site. |
| Nurses in the ambulatory surgery department admitted Mr R for a bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy without complications. |
| Since 1997, we have been performing bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy as outpatient procedures. |
| For very resistant and distressing cases, where all other treatments fail, a surgical procedure called thoracoscopic sympathectomy is available. |
| Some authors advocate using permanent sympathectomy when the sympathetic nerve blocks no longer prove effective. |
| More aggressive approaches include sympathetic blocks and surgical sympathectomy. |
