| Remnants of the pectoral girdle are present, perhaps due to the presence of an operculum-opercularis-like connection to the stapes. |
| Even with these changes, we still have concerns that the position and extent of the stapes is inconsistent between the two views of Ichthyostega. |
| Mr Bell removed the stapes, and attached to the end of the incus a style of hay about an inch in length. |
| The remainder underwent Type III tympanoplasty with the tympanic membrane placed directly over the stapes suprastructure. |
| This bone deposition leads to fixation of the stapes at the oval window, preventing normal vibration. |
| Mammals have three, the stapes, the malleus, and incus, the last two being the old reptilian jaw joint still conserved deep within our ear. |
