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What does nitration mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word nitration? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) The reaction of something with nitric acid; especially such a reaction, in the presence of sulphuric acid, to introduce a nitro functional group into a compound.
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Examples
The added ethyl group makes ethylbenzene about 25 times more reactive to nitration than benzene.
In the mining industry, the production of TNT is made possible by the electrophilic nitration of toluene.
This compound is hydrolyzed to nitrate and carbonate and the net effect of this reaction is prevention of nitration and oxidative damage.
The nitration and oxidation injury from the microglial proinflammatory response promotes a vicious cycle of continued oxidative neural injury and microglial activation.
After the nitration, the acid is removed and the nitrocotton boiled up in water to stabilize it.
The beneficial actions of hypercapnic acidosis were not mediated by inhibition of nitration of amino acid residues within proteins.

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