| They may represent tepals, staminodes, stipules, ligules, reduced bracts, leaves, branch systems, or novel structures. |
| Jagels and Garner observed the variation in callose deposition in the ligules of Selaginella. |
| Selection favoring recessives is common in maize breeding for several traits, such as sweetness, opacity, brachysm, lack of ligules. |
| The size of ligules were measured under light microscope and photographed with a Leica DMLB DC300 microphotographic microscope. |
