| Anesthesiologists should be aware that hypercarbia, pneumoperitoneum, and subcutaneous emphysema causing severe ventilatory impairment can occur during POEM for Jackhammer esophagus. |
| Near-fatal asthma is acute severe asthma associated with a respiratory arrest or hypercarbia. |
| Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal can manage hypercarbia by removing carbon dioxide directly from the bloodstream. |
| Subcutaneous carbon dioxide insufflation does not cause hypercarbia during endoscopic thyroidectomy. |
| The patient developed hypercarbia, pneumoperitoneum, and severe subcutaneous emphysema during the operation. |
| Tissue hypercarbia, however, remained present as an expression of villi microcirculatory hypoperfusion. |
